Hemodynamics

Question 1

How to calculate Regurgitation volumes - applied to the aortic Regurgitation

Answer 1

Regurg volume(ml) = (VTI aorta x CSA aorta) - (VTI MV x CSA MV)

Question 2

Regurgitant fraction (what percent is leaking back)

Answer 2

Regurgitation fraction %= (Regurgitant vol ml) /
( VTI Regurgitant valve x CSA regurgitant valve)

Question 3

Calculate the following based on the continuity principle and numbers given

Answer 3

Csa1 x vti 1= csa 2 x vti 2

Let’s say the diamter is 2.23 and the vti is 27.24
Csa=0.785xd2
Csa= 3.903
So 27.24x3.903/ vti2 (103.34 in this case)
= csa2 of ….

Question 4

-What is Pisa used for?
-What way is recommended you move the baseline?
-What number scale?

Answer 4

-To grade regurgitation
–Lower it
-20-40

Question 5

Drawbacks to using PISA

Answer 5

1. Multiple jets
2. Eccentric jets create non-hemispheric flow convergence
   3.Assumes holodiastolic regurgitation
3. Cant be used on prostheitic valves

Question 6

Effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) equation

Answer 6

EROA = 2 × π × r2 × Vn / VMax