hemeonc 1

Question 1

List leukocytes in order from most abundant to least abundant

(Never Let Monkey’s Eat Bananas)

Answer 1

Neutrophils--50-70%
Lymphocytes--25%
Monocytes--3-8%
Eosinophils--2-4%
Basophils--0.5-1%

Question 2

What is the job of neutrophils?

What does it look like?

Answer 2

Bacteria Slayers!

Multilobed granulocyte

Question 3

What is the job of Eosinophils?

What do they look like?

Answer 3

Parasite and worm slayers!

Granulocyte with orange cytoplasm

Question 4

what is the job of basophils?

What do they look like?

Answer 4

Release histamines in immune response, become mast cells

Dark purple grainy granulocytes

Question 5

What is the job of lymphocytes?
What do they look like?

How long do they live?

Answer 5

T-lymphocytes battle viruses and tumors (thymus)
B-lymphocytes produce antibodies (bone)
They are agranulocytes with large round nuclei (nuclei are same size as healthy RBC)

20+years

Question 6

What is the job of monocytes?

What do they look like?

Answer 6

They are phagocytic macrophages with big appetites for intruders.
They are the biggest leukocyte with kidney or U-shaped nuclei

Question 7

Which blood cells are created by the Myeloid progenitor stem cell?

Answer 7

Granulocytes (neutron, baso, eosino)
Monocytes
Platelets
Erythrocytes

Question 8

Which blood cells are created by the Lymphoid progenitor stem cell?

Answer 8

Lymphocytes, including T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer cells.

Question 9

Erythropoetin is released by the ___________ in response to what 2 factors?

Answer 9

kidneys

low oxygen levels, low RBC volume

Question 10

What is the evolution of the RBC?

Answer 10

hematopoetic stem cell to 
myeloid progenitor to 
proerythroblast to
 reticulocyte to 
erythrocyte

Question 11

Factors that make the RBC want to hold onto oxygen:

Answer 11

decrease in: temp, CO2, H+

Question 12

1) Capable of effecting multiple organs or tissues

2) Not fixed as to potential development

Answer 12

pluripotent cell

Question 13

What is a “band”

Answer 13

a neutrophil with an unseparated nucleus

Question 14

Lifespan of a platelet?

Answer 14

8-10 days

Question 15

What makes up one hemoglobin A?

Answer 15

4 Globin proteins (2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains) bound with 4 heme groups that protect a singe Fe molecule each.
(Each Fe can bind reversibly with one Oxygen, so every hemoglobin carries 4 oxygen molecules. Every RBC carries 250,000 Hgb, so every RBC is carrying 1 million oxygen molecules)

Question 16

where are iron reserves?

Answer 16

Hemosiderin (difficult to access)
Ferritin (readily accessible)
most stores in liver, spleen, and bone marrow

Question 17

How is iron transported?

Answer 17

Via the binding protein transferrin

Question 18

Describe “percent saturation”

Answer 18

It is the amount of iron that is bound to transferrin, divided by the total amount of iron transferrin is capable of carrying. (TIBC)

So, how many kids are on the bus, divided by the number of total seats

Question 19

Role of B12?

Symptoms of deficiency?

Answer 19

required for dietary absorption, DNA synthesis, cell division.
Deficiency results in low RBC production (B12 deficiency anemia), decreased myelin synthesis (neuropathy)

Question 20

Variation in RBC size?

Answer 20

Anisocytosis

Question 21

Variation in RBC shape?

Answer 21

Poikilocytosis

Question 22

Target cells are seen in:

Answer 22

Sickle cell disease (specifically Hgb C)
Thalassemia
Iron deficiency

Question 23

Immature red blood cells are:

Answer 23

Reticulocytes

Question 24

What is the RPI? What does it indicate?

Answer 24

Reticulocyte index,
 Big RPI (>2) means too many RBC's are being made rapidly which indicates a problem (either bleeding or hemolysis)
Small RPI (s are being made which indicates bone marrow suppression or vitamin deficiency

Question 25

Common risks in transfusion (not including rxn to wrong blood type or infectious dz)

Answer 25

Fluid overload (bad for BP, CHF, etc)
Iron overload (stored in organs, organ failure)

Question 26

What would you use a platelet transfusion for?

Answer 26

Bleeding in patients with suppressed bone marrow

Question 27

Do you ever transfuse WBC’s? Why?

Answer 27

Rarely, for acute infection.