Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Pediatrics Certifying Exam > Heme/Onc > Flashcards

Heme/Onc Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of anemia in the newborn

A

< 13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Normal RBC MCV

A
  • Newborns normal up to 110
  • 6 months - 2 years = 70-90 note lower than normal in children and adults
  • Older children and adults = 80-100
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Definition of polycythemia

A
  • Hct >65%

- Treatment required only >70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Problems associated with polycythemia

A
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Joint pain
  • Clotting
  • Stroke
  • Hempotysis
  • Lethargy
  • Hypotonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Risk factor for polycythemia

A
  • IUGR
  • Delayed cord clamping
  • Twin-twin transfusion
  • IDM
  • Down Syndrome
  • Chronic hypoxia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment for polycythemia

A

Partial volume exchange transfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Complications of pRBC transfusion

A
  • HYPOcalcemia
  • HYPERkalemia
  • Thromcobytopenia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Laboratory findings in iron deficiency anemia

A
  • Microcytic anemia
  • Low transferrin saturation
  • High RDW
  • Low reticulocyte count
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Causes of basophilic stippling

A
  • Beta Thalassemia Major

- Lead toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vitamin K Dependent Factors

A
  • 2, 7, 9 and 10

- Part of intrinsic pathway of coagulation cascade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome

A
  • Mild thrombocytopenia
  • LARGE platelets
  • Prolonged bleeding time
  • Platelets are LARGE like a St. BERNARD*
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Glanzmann thrombasthenia

A
  • Dysfunctional platelets
  • NORMAL platelet count, PTT and INR
  • Possible presentation: unexplained bleeding in patient with above normal labs*
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ITP

A
  • Often occurs after viral syndrome
  • LARGE platelets (think of plts being released early, when they are larger, due to immune plt destruction)
  • Tx with IVIG (preferred), steroids and possible RhoGAM (if Rh+ - to cause mild hemolysis and “distract” immune system)
  • Important to RULE-OUT leukemia before treating with steroids!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Main factors in extrinsic coagulation pathway

A
  • III and VII
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What part of coagulation cascade is Factor X a part of?

A

Common pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vitamin deficiency that results in high PT/INR

A

Vitamin K deficiency

17
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrom

A
  • X-linked (only occurs in males)
  • Thrombocytopenia, eczema, frequent infections
  • Platelets small in size and/or number
  • IgM low, IgA high
  • Increased risk of lymphoma in 30s
  • Cure with BMT
18
Q

Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome

A
  • Large, congenital vascular tumors
  • No true hemangiomas
  • May result in severe CONSUMPTIVE coagulopathy
  • Most common in infants
19
Q

What lab abnormality is seen with vitamin K deficiency?

A

High PT/INR

20
Q

What lab abnormality is seen with Hemophilia A or B?

A

High PTT

21
Q

Factor deficiency in Hemophilia A

A
  • Factor VIII deficiency

* A sounds like 8*

22
Q

Factor deficiency in Hemophilia B

A
  • Factor IX deficiency

* A sounds like 8; B comes after A and 9 comes after 8*

23
Q

What maternal medications may cause bleeding in infant?

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Seizure medications
  • Warfarn
24
Q

vonWillebrand Disease

A
  • Deficiency of vonWillebrand factor
  • Factor VIII and platelets depend on vWF
  • Elevated PTT and bleeding time
  • Dx = measured factors VIII and IX (to R/O hemophilia) and vWF (to confirm that level is low)
25
Q

Treatment of vWD

A
  • Minor bleeding = no treatment OR DDAVP
  • Severe bleeding = Factor VIII concentrate (Hamate P), cryoprecipitate (has fibrinogen, VIII and vWF)
  • May give aminocaproic acid for mucosal bleeds (inhibits fibrinolysis)
26
Q

DIC laboratory findings

A
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Low fibrinogen
  • Elevated fibrinogen split products (D-Dimer)
  • Elevated thrombin time, PT and PTT
27
Q

Treatment for DIC

A
  • Give platelets and pRBCs
  • Give CRYOPRECIPITATE for low fibrinogen (cryoprecipitate includes fibrinogen, factor VIII and vWF)
  • Low clotting factors -> treat with FFP (has most clotting factors)
  • Treat underlying condition (i.e. burns, malignancy, pregnancy, sepsis)
28
Q

Encapsulated organisms

A
  • Some Nasty Killers Have Some Capsular Protection*
  • S. pneumo
  • N. meningitides
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • H. influenzae
  • Salmonella
  • Cryptococcus
  • Pseudomonas
29
Q

What does bleeding time measure?

A

Platelet adherence to injured capillaries as well as platelet activation and aggregation

30
Q

What does PTT evaluate?

A

Presence and function of factors in coagulation cascade

31
Q

What does PT evaluate?

A
  • Function of factors in intrinsic pathway in coagulation cascade
  • Prolonged with vitamin K deficiency because factors 2, 7, 9 and 10 are the vitamin K dependent factors and are part of intrinsic pathway
32
Q

What are Heinz bodies?

A
  • Denatured hemoglobin

- Present with G6PD deficiency, alpha thalassemia

33
Q

What findings are noted on blood smear with beta thalassemia major?

A
  • Target cells

- Basophilic stippling

General Pediatrics Certifying Exam (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions