Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AANP FNP: Adult > Heme/Onc > Flashcards

Heme/Onc Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

TIBC normal values

A

250-450

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Serum iron normal values

A

50-150

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MCV

A

volume/size of RBCs

100: macrocytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

MCHC

A

concentration/color of the RBCs

hypochromic:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Possible anemia that is microcytic

A

IDA, thalassemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Possible anemia that is macrocytic

A

B12 deficiency
folate deficiency
also called “megaloblastic anemia” = high MCV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Possible anemia that is normocytic

A

anemia of chronic disease, sickle cell, blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA): incidence, causes, distinguishing sx

A

most common cause of anemia
slow blood loss, inadequate intake
Pica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

IDA: Lab/Dx, Tx

A

Lab/Dx: low MCV, low MCHC (microcytic, hypochromic)
low serum iron, low serum ferritin, high TIBC
Tx: ferrous sulfate 300-325mg 1-2 hours after meals
Dietary intake: raisins, green leafy vegetables, red meats, citrus (Vitamin C increases absorption)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thalassemia: incidence

A

mainly in Mediterranean, African, Middle Eastern, Indian, Asian populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ferritin

A

iron stores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Thalassemia: Lab/dx, Tx

A

Low MCV, low MCHC (microcytic, hypochromic)
normal TIBC and ferritin
decreased alpha or beta hemoglobin chains
Tx: no treatment for mild-moderate; blood transfusion or splenectomy for more serious forms (refer); iron is contraindicated (can overload)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Folic Acid deficiency: Lab/Dx, Tx

A

macrocytic, normochromic (MCV up, MCHC normal), low serum folate
inadequate intake of folic acid (common in alcoholics)
Sx: glossitis
Tx: folate 1mg PO qday
dietary sources: bananas, peanut butter, fish, green leafy vegetables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pernicious Anemia: Lab/Dx, Sx, Tx

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency due to malabsorption of B12
macrocytic, normochromic (MCV up, MCHC normal), serum B12 low
Sx: glossitis, POSITIVE NEURO SIGNS
Tx: B12 100mcg IM daily x1 week, then maintenance monthly administration (lifelong)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Anemia of chronic disease: Lab/dx, Tx

A

normocytic, normochromic (MCV and MCHC normal)
serum iron and TIBC LOW, serum ferritin high
Tx: treat associated disease, nutritional support, epogen (NOT iron)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sickle cell anemia: Sx, Sx of crisis, Lab/dx, Tx

A

Sx: delayed growth/development, increased infections
Sx crisis: sudden onset of severe pain in back/chest, abd, joint pain
Lab/dx: Peripheral smear shows sickled RBCs
Tx: fluids, analgesics, oxygen

17
Q

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

A

80 percent of acute leukemia

high remission rates

18
Q

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

A

high remission rates in children, harder to cure in adults

pancytopenia with circulating blasts is hallmark of disease

19
Q

Pancytopenia

A

all lab values are LOW

20
Q

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

A

most common leukemia in adults

Hallmark of disease is lymphocytosis (extremely high WBC)

21
Q

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

A

most often in ages 40+
poor survival rates
Hallmark: Philadelphia chromosome seen in leukemic cells

22
Q

S/sx leukemia

A

fatigue, weak, anorexia, weight loss, generalized lymphadenopathy

symptoms tend to be vague or asymptomatic

23
Q

Diagnosing leukemia

A

CBC, elevated ESR, peripheral blood smear

Bone marrow aspiration required to confirm diagnosis

24
Q

Treatment of leukemia

A

Chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant

USUALLY not radiation

25
Q

Diagnosis and staging of lymphoma

A

Dx: biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes
Stage I: single LN
Stage II: >1 LN, one side of the diaphragm
Stage III: >1 LN, both sides of the diaphragm
Stage IV: liver or bone marrow involvement

26
Q

When to biopsy swollen lymph nodes?

A

Lasting 4-6 weeks
>1 cm
Not associated with infection

27
Q

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

presents with lymphadenopathy
most common ages 20-40
cause unknown, may have viral etiology

28
Q

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

A

more common in males, 32 years old
Usually presents with cervical adenopathy and spreads in predictable fashion along LN groups
Hallmark: Reed-Sternberg cells differentiate from non-Hodgkins

29
Q

Treatment of lymphoma

A

Radiation
Chemo
Bone marrow transplant

30
Q

TNM classification of malignant tumors

A

T (0-4): size of primary tumor
N (0-3): spread to regional lymph nodes
M (0-1): distant metastasis

31
Q

“Immunosenescence”

A

immune system’s diminished function with age
decline in response to infection
decrease in symptoms with illness
diminished response to vaccines

32
Q

Hgb + Hct normal values

A

Males: 14-18, Hct 40-54 percent
Females: 12-16, Hct 37-47 percent

AANP FNP: Adult (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions