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**Old DOOS > Heme/Onc 4 > Flashcards

Heme/Onc 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what account for 2/3 of all cancers in the US?

A

smoking
obesity
poor diet
inactivity

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2
Q

what types of cancer can a moderate amount of alcohol raise the risk for

A

raises risks for colon, breast, esophageal, and oropharyngeal cancer

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3
Q

what can be protective for cancer in moderate drinkers of alcohol?

A

folate supplements

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4
Q

what cancer is exposure to asbestos associated with?

A

mesothelioma

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5
Q

what infections can be a risk factor for CA?

A

hepatitis C
HIV
HPV

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6
Q

antiestrogen therapies

A

Tamoxifen, raloxifene

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7
Q

drugs used for prevention in prostate cancer. But if they did get prostate cancer it was more agressive.

A

Finasteride

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8
Q

only cancer screening test that has proven to increase lifespan

A

HPV screening test

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9
Q

what are the most common male cancer (highest to lowest)

A

prostate
lung/ bronchus
colon/ rectum
bladder

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10
Q

what are the most common female cancers

A

breast
lung/bronchus
colon/rectum
endometreum

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11
Q

what type cancer causes the most deaths?

A

lung/ bronchus

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12
Q

risk factors for lung cancer

A 
Tobacco
Radiation therapy
asbestor
radon
metals (arsenic, chronium, nickel)
ionizing radiation (environment)
polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons
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13
Q

what lung condition is a risk factor for lung CA

A

pulmonary fibrosis

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14
Q

infection that is a risk for lung cancer

A

HIV infection

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15
Q

are CXRs, sputum cytology useful for lung cancer screening?

A

No

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16
Q

what may be useful for screening for lung cancer?

A

low dose CT scan in high risk populations

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17
Q

most common type of lung cancer

A

adenocarcinoma (including bronchioalveolar carcinoma)

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18
Q

where are small cell lung cancers typically

A

closer to hilum and mediastinum

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19
Q

where are adenocarcinomas typically?

A

peripheral

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20
Q

what does the prefix adeno mean?

A

gland formation

so the cancer lines the glands

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21
Q

Lung cancer that form keratin globules

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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22
Q

symptoms of lung CA

A 
cough
hemoptysis
chest pain
SOB
hoarseness
pleural involvement
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23
Q

what does SVC look like (due to an SVC obstruction)

A

purple look to face

variscosities on the chest

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24
Q

Type of lung tumor that presents in the apex of the lung. Right against the nerve plexus. Present with extreme shoulder and arm pain + numbness

A

Pancoast tumor

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25
Q

where does lung cancer often metastasize to?

A

Brain
Liver
Bone
Adrenal (rarely symptomatic)

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26
Q

with small cell lung cancer where is there common radiation?

A

Brain

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27
Q

what causes hypercalcemia with lung cancer?

A

PTHrP or bone mets

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28
Q

what type of lung cancer can cause SIADH

A

Small cell lung cancer

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29
Q

syndrome that looks like Myasthenia Gravis, associated w/ lung cancer (parneoplastic syndrome)

A

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS)

30
Q

Tx for small cell lung cancer, is limited (within the thoracic cavity) but unresectable

A

Chemo/ XRT

31
Q

tx for small cell lung cancer that is advanced

A

chemo for palliation.

32
Q

is the TNM system used for small cell lung cancer?

A

No

33
Q

Tx for non small cell lung cancer

A

Sx, chemo, radiation depending on stage

34
Q

what type of lung cancer may respond to anti-EGFR therapies?

A

non squamous non small cell carcinoma

35
Q

what is a drug that women +/- Asians who have non squamous, non small cell carcinoma may respond to

A

Erlotinib

36
Q

how do most breast cancer begin

A

Intraductally

37
Q

protective factors for breast cancer

A

breast feeding

multi parity

38
Q

who should get CA-125 screening for ovarian cancer?

A

BRCA

39
Q

what is Eczematous lesion of the skin of the nipple

A

paget’s disease

40
Q

is breast pain common with breast cancer?

A

No, only <10%

41
Q

after 5 years does ER positive breast cancer risk go away?

A

No

42
Q

Are ER positive or ER negative breast cancers more aggressive?

A

ER negative

43
Q

medication for Her-2 positive breast cancer

A

Herceptin

44
Q

what is the most common non-skin cancer in men?

A

prostate cancer

45
Q

what ethnicity has a increased incidence w/ prostate cancer?

A

African American

46
Q

what increases risk of prostate cancer

A

altered estrogen and androgen metabolite
prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)
high fat diet

47
Q

what occupational exposures put people at a higher risk of prostate cancer

A

Cadmium Loggers
Chemists Textile Workers
Painters Farmers

48
Q

when should men have a yearly DRE?

A

> 50 (high risk <40)

49
Q

S/S of prostate cancer

A 
hesitancy
dribbling
urgency
poor urine stream
nocturia
back pain
terminal hematuria
50
Q

what PSA level indicates a low risk?

A

<10

51
Q

what score measures the pathologic agressiveness of prostate cancer?

A

Gleason score (<6 low risk)

52
Q

Tx for early prostate cancer?

A 
radical prostatectomy 
external beam radiation therapy
brachytherapy (seeds of RT)
cryotherapy
androgren derivation therapy (ADT)
53
Q

Tx of advanced prostate cancer

A

standard chemo taxane + steroid
Abiraterone
Enzalutimide

54
Q

where are ok sites for prostate ca mets?

A

bone and lymph nodes

55
Q

where do you not want to see mets w/ prostate ca

A

liver and lungs

56
Q

What are S/S of androgen deficiency in adult males

A

gynecomastia
osteoporosis
>fat
hot flashes

57
Q

who has a higher risk of colon and rectal cancer?

A

lowest socioeconomic status

58
Q

what is a major risk of colon cancer

A

age

59
Q

screening for colorectal cancer

A

stool occult blood

colonoscopy

60
Q

when should screening for colorectal cancer start

A

age 50

61
Q

Tx for colon cancer stage I-III (no mets)

A

hemicolectomy

adjuvant chemo

62
Q

if someone has rectal cancer what might they need before a hemicolectomy?

A

neoadjuvant chemo / XRT

63
Q

what type cancer can tamoxifen cause?

A

endometrial cancer

64
Q

what can cisplatin cause?

A

renal toxicity
ototoxicity
neurotoxicity

65
Q

why can SIADH occur w/ cancer

A

excessive vasopressin produced by tumors

66
Q

what inhibits effects of vasopressin

A

demeclocycline

67
Q

causes of superior vena cava syndrome

A

lung cancer
lymphoma
thrombosis of central venous catheters

68
Q

Presents As Facial Swelling, Dyspnea, Cough, Tracheal Obstruction

A

superior vena cava syndrome

69
Q

tx for spinal cord compression

A

Radiation emergently reverses neuro

4-6mg IV or Po Dexamethasone Q4h

70
Q

tx for febrile neutropenia

A

consider culture results but begin w broad spectrum ABX e.g. ceftazidime 1GM IV q 8h. Coverage should include Gram + & Gram – organisms

71
Q

what types of lung cancer are more central?

A

squamous

small cell

**Old DOOS (11 decks)

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