Disorders of Bone Flashcards
(92 cards)
is bone loss normal
Yes, but it can be lost to a level where is causes problems
when do you lose bone
before pubertal growth spurt
after menopause
what are the two types of primary osteoporosis
postmenopausal senile (age related)- if you live long enough bone will suck
bone loss secondary to diseases (malignancy, corticosteroid use, GI disorders, endocrine)
Secondary osteoporosis
when is the highest risk of falls?
age 80 or greater
what type fracture is a collapse of a spinal vertebral bone?
compression fracture
are most compression fractures noticed?
No, 2/3 are silent
what is a physical sign of a compression fracture?
loss of height
kyphosis
what grade of compression fracture is 20-25% reduction in vertebral height
grade 1
what grade of compression fracture is >40% reduction in vertebral height
Grade 3
what grade of compression fracture is 2 normal vertebral height
Grade 0
what grade of compression fracture is 25-40% reduction in vertebral height
Grade 2
what grade of vertebral compression fracture needs spinal surgery
Grade 2 (sometimes, if painful) Grade 3
what disorders are associated with stress/ insufficiency fractures
osteoporosis RA osteomalacia Paget's Dz Radiotherapy Glucocorticoids
what meds can cause stress/ insufficiency fractures
methotrexate
sodium fluoride
etidronate
what causes bone loss
smoking excess alcohol consumption low calcium intake or urinary losses renal problems inadequate Vit D and sunshine low levels physical activity
what type activity do people w/ osteoporosis
weight bearing activity
once bone loss has occurred, can you reverse the loss?
No, once the bone is lost it is gone Vit D and calcium can’t reverse it
what drugs can reverse or stop significant bone loss
Rx meds
what lab test do you want for the Vit D level?
25-hydroxy Vitamin D
when is the best time to take calcium
with meals
body can only absorb 500-600 mg at once
what is the best type of Vit D to take
D3 (cholecalciferol)
what is the only prescription dose of Vit D?
D2
what is the most useful test for osteoporosis
called a Dual X-ray Absorptiometry or DXA.