Hematuria Flashcards

1
Q

Hematuria is defined as

A

the presence of blood in the urine

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2
Q

what type of hematuria is visible to the naked eye

A

Gross hematuria

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3
Q

What type of hematuria is only detectible by examination of the urine sediment by microscopy, or urinalysis

A

Microscopic hematuria

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4
Q

True/false

Only microscopic hematuria requires evaluation

A

False

Both microscopic and gross needs evaluation

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5
Q

An upper urinary tract source (kidneys and ureters) can be identified in __% of patients with gross or microscopic hematuria.

(a) Stone disease accounts for __%,
(b) Medical kidney disease for __%,
(c) Renal cell carcinoma for __%,
(d) Urothelial cell carcinoma of the ureter or renal pelvis for _%

A

10%

a) 40%
b) 20%
c) 10%
d) 5%

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6
Q

Microscopic hematuria in the male is most commonly from what?

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

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7
Q

The lower tract source (bladder and urethra) of gross hematuria (in the absence of infection) is most commonly from what?

A

urothelial carcinoma of the bladder

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8
Q

Type of Gross hematuria
The presence of blood at the beginning of the urinary stream that clears during the stream.
This implies what?

A
Initial hematuria
an anterior (penile) urethral source.
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9
Q

Type of Gross hematuria
The presence of blood at the end of the urinary stream.
This applies what?

A

Terminal hematuria,

a bladder neck or prostatic urethral source

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10
Q

Type of Gross hematuria
The presence of blood throughout the urinary stream
This implies what?

A

Total hematuria,

a bladder or upper tract source

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11
Q

Hematuria associated with renal colic suggests what?

A

ureteral stone

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12
Q

Irritative voiding symptoms in a young woman may suggest

A

acute bacterial infection and associated cystitis.

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13
Q

In the absence of other symptoms, gross hematuria may be more indicative of…..

A

tumor

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14
Q

Proteinuria and casts suggest origin from where?

A

renal origin.

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15
Q

Irritative voiding symptoms, bacteriuria, and a positive urine culture in the female suggest what issue?

A

urinary tract infection

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16
Q

True/False

Follow-up urinalysis is important after treatment to ensure resolution of the hematuria

A

True

17
Q

Labs to run for hematuria

A

(1) Urinalysis
(2) Urine culture
(3) BUN and Creatinine

18
Q

Imaging for hematuria

A

CT scan of the upper tract without contrast

Cystoscopy- Indicated in patients with gross hematuria or those over 35 years with asymptomatic hematuria

19
Q

What imaging is Indicated in patients with gross hematuria or those over 35 years with asymptomatic hematuria

to evaluate for:

1) Bladder or urethral neoplasm
2) Benign prostatic enlargement
3) Radiation or chemical cystitis

A

Cystoscopy

20
Q

What imaging is used to evaluate for:

1) Neoplasm of the kidney or ureter
2) Urolithiasis
3) Obstructive uropathy
4) Intrinsic kidney disease

A

CT scan of the upper tract without contrast

21
Q

In the absence of infection or other benign etiology where would you refer your patients?

A

Urology

22
Q

True/False

Treatment will be dependent on the underlying disease process

A

True