Hematopoietics

Question 1

only actively regulated process to control the amount of iron in the body

Answer 1

absorption

Question 2

in combination with poor dietary intake, is a common cause of folate deficiency

Answer 2

alcoholism

Question 3

common in anemia due to decreased oxygen carrying capacity of blood causing elevated heart rate

Answer 3

angina

Question 4

type of anemia caused by cancer chemotherapeutics, chloramphenicol and benzene

Answer 4

aplastic

Question 5

can, for example, block intrinsic factor-cobalamin interaction or the receptor for it in the ileum, or target H-K-ATPase of parietal cells

Answer 5

autoantibody

Question 6

increases due to the increased viscosity of blood caused by epoetin alfa

Answer 6

blood pressure

Question 7

although filgrastim can speed the recovery from severe neutropenia, there is little evidence of impact on this for this expensive drug

Answer 7

clinical outcomes

Question 8

heme-containing proteins (2 words)

Answer 8

cytochrome P450

Question 9

prevents formation of complement membrane attack complex, treat paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria caused by insufficient GPI-linked CD59 and CD55 on the RBC cell surface that otherwise protects from this type of attack

Answer 9

eculizumab

Question 10

potentially especially vulnerable to cognitive decline cause by vitamin B12 deficiency that has been masked by the consumption of folate fortified foods

Answer 10

elderly

Question 11

orally active non-peptide thrombopoietin agonist approved for treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and the thrombocytopenia seen with hepatitis C

Answer 11

eltrombopag

Question 12

recombinant erythropoiesis-stimulating glycoprotein with a.a. sequence identical to erythropoietin; administered to treat anemia secondary to chronic kidney disease or chemotherapy to reduce the need for allogeneic RBC transfusions

Answer 12

epoetin alfa

Question 13

a recombinant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, it increases growth and proliferation of neutrophil progenitor cells and also facilitates actions of mature neutrophils (e.g., phagocytosis, respiratory burst)

Answer 13

filgrastim

Question 14

plasma levels of this micronutrient fall within 3 weeks of inadequate intake from animal products and leafy vegetables

Answer 14

folate

Question 15

production is decreased by thalassemic disorders

Answer 15

globins

Question 16

transports ~98.5% of the oxygen in the blood

Answer 16

hemoglobin

Question 17

type of anemia frequently caused by cephalosporins and some penicillins (e.g., piperacillin)

Answer 17

hemolytic

Question 18

most common cause of drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia

Answer 18

heparin

Question 19

peptide produced by the liver that acts to block ferroportin export from enterocytes and macrophages

Answer 19

hepcidin

Question 20

cancer chemotherapeutic agent approved for the treatment of sickle-cell anemia because it somehow boost the levels of (normal) fetal hemoglobin

Answer 20

hydroxyurea

Question 21

increased incidence of this is a predictable consequence of eculizumab therapy, and overwhelming amount can also cause neutropenia

Answer 21

infection

Question 22

glycoprotein secreted by parietal cells, complexes with cobalamin to facilitate its uptake via cubulin receptors in the ileum

Answer 22

intrinsic factor

Question 23

has been one of the leading causes of death by toxicological agents in children < 6 years old

Answer 23

iron poisoning

Question 24

cause nausea and vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, anorexia, heart burn and dark stools

Answer 24

iron tablets

Question 25

indication (abbr.) for romiplostim or eltrombopag

Answer 25

ITP

Question 26

releases erythropoietin in response to hypoxia; failure of this organ causes a normochromic normocytic anemia

Answer 26

kidney

Question 27

environmental toxin that can block heme synthesis

Answer 27

lead

Question 28

a reason to administer filgrastim+/- plerixafor to mobilize hematopoietic progenitor cells

Answer 28

leukapheresis

Question 29

consequence of peripheral vasodilatation due to oxygen-poor blood (2 words)

Answer 29

lowpressure

Question 30

anemia in which erythroblasts double protein but were unable to synthesize new DNA; extrusion of nucleus now leaves a large RBC

Answer 30

macrocytic

Question 31

among the good dietary sources of iron

Answer 31

meat

Question 32

anemia in which the MCV < 80 fL; iron deficiency is the most common cause (e.g., due to heavy menstrual bleeding)

Answer 32

microcytic

Question 33

frequently heard in anemia (e.g., because the thinner blood leaks through the closed valves)

Answer 33

murmur

Question 34

approximately half-saturated with oxygen at 2 torr, reason oxygen can be striped from hemoglobin and stored in muscles

Answer 34

myoglobin

Question 35

symptoms that, when present, justify parenteral vitamin B12

Answer 35

neurological

Question 36

considered severe if absolute count of these cells is <500/microliter; low-grade fever, sore mouth, severe pain from swallowing, upper and lower airway inflammation and perianal pain and irritation are among its symptoms

Answer 36

neutropenia

Question 37

life-threatening complication of chemotherapy; hypotension, COPD, dehydration and age >60 years are among the risk factors for underlying gram-neagative (e.g Psudomonas), gram-positive (e.g., Staph. epidermidis) and/or fungal (e.g., Candid, Aspergillus) infections

Answer 37

neutropenic fever

Question 38

hypersegmented in macrocytic anemia

Answer 38

neutrophils

Question 39

recombinant form of IL-11, increases platelet levels via unknown mechanism, does not have a major clinical use

Answer 39

oprelvekin

Question 40

appropriate route of administration for vitamin B12 in pernicious anemia provided dose is ~500X the daily requirement

Answer 40

oral

Question 41

adverse consequence of free heme or iron in the body (2words)

Answer 41

oxidative stress

Question 42

sign of anemia that can be evident from a distance

Answer 42

pallor

Question 43

refers to anemia associate with loss of intrinsic factor

Answer 43

pernicious

Question 44

partial agonist at CXCR4 receptors important for homing of hematopoietic stem cells, an expensive orphan drug administered when filgrastim alone cannot mobilize enough stem cells for autologous transplant

Answer 44

plerixafor

Question 45

contributes to the reason that 2 of the 4 heme moieties of hemoglobin have a bound O2 molecule at 26.8 torr

Answer 45

positive cooperativity

Question 46

well known reason for folate intake to be increase

Answer 46

pregnancy

Question 47

antiarrhythmic drug, a classic cause of drug-induced non-immune thrombocytopenia

Answer 47

quinidine

Question 48

often expected within a few days after initiating appropriate therapy for microcytic or macrocytic anemia; increases in hematocrit and hemoglobin follow shortly thereafter

Answer 48

reticulocytosis

Question 49

a "peptibody" has 2 IgG constant regions linked by a peptide; has no homology to thrombopoietin but nevertheless stimulates the thrombopoietin receptor to promote platelet production

Answer 49

romiplostim

Question 50

recombinant GM-CSF, acts in the bone marrow to increase production of neutrophils, eosinophils and monocyte/macrophages; in comparison to filgrastim, has a greater number of adverse effects (e.g., fluid retention, dyspnea due to sequestration of granulocytes in pulmonary circulation, fatal "gasping syndrome" in premature infants)

Answer 50

sargramostim

Question 51

among the causes of iron loss (3 words)

Answer 51

sloughing of cells

Question 52

aka c-kit, has potent synergistic actions on early progenitor cells, but cannot be used since this stimulatory effect extends to mast cells and gives rise to severe allergic reactions

Answer 52

stem cell factor

Question 53

whether black and tarry, magenta or bright red, blood loss here can be significant

Answer 53

stool

Question 54

stimulates platelet production; recombinant forms were withdrawn from the market due to frequent autoantibody production leading to profound thrombocytopenia

Answer 54

thrombopoietin

Question 55

can readily meet their daily needs of vitamin B12 by eating fortified breakfast cereals

Answer 55

vegetarians

Question 56

needed to generate methionine from homocysteine and tetrahydrofolate from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate

Answer 56

vitamin B12

Question 57

period of time required to develop vitamin B12 deficiency, a reflection of need vs body stores

Answer 57

years