Hematopoietic and Endocrine System

Question 1

Anemia

Answer 1

Decrease in oxygen carrying capability

Question 2

Is anemia long term or short term

Answer 2

Can be both depending on circumstance

Question 3

What are symptoms of Anemia

Answer 3

fatigue, weakness, pale or yellow pallor, irregular heartbeat, dyspnea, cold hands/feet, chest pain

Question 4

How is anemia diagnosed from blood tests

Answer 4

Low RBC count

Question 5

What is a neoplasm

Answer 5

Tumor/ abnormal proliferation of cells

Question 6

What are types of malignant neoplasms

Answer 6

carcinoma, sarcoma, myeloma, lymphoma, leukemia, and more

Question 7

What are types of benign neoplasms

Answer 7

adenoma, fibroma, chondroma, more

Question 8

Leukemia

Answer 8

cancer of blood forming tissues including bone marrow and the lymphatic system

Question 9

What type of cell is affected in leukemia

Answer 9

White blood cells

Question 10

Is leukemia acute or chronic

Answer 10

both

Question 11

What is the worst kind of leukemia

Answer 11

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

Question 12

Myelocytic leukemia

Answer 12

cancer of myeloid cells of bone marrow

Question 13

Lymphocytic leukemia

Answer 13

malignancy of lymph nodes/cells

Question 14

What are leukemia patients particularly susceptible to

Answer 14

infection as the white blood cells are affected

Question 15

How will leukemia present on blood test

Answer 15

High WBC count, but remember that the cells are defective

Question 16

How may leukemia present on an image

Answer 16

radiolucent bands at the metaphyses of long bones OR moth bone appearance

Question 17

How may leukemia present on a KUB

Answer 17

splenomegaly… there may also be GI filling defects

Question 18

Lymphoma

Answer 18

Neoplasms of the lymph nodes, spleen, lymphoid tissues of parenchymal organs such as the GI tract, lungs, and skin

Question 19

What determines if Lymphoma is Hodgkins or non hodgkins

Answer 19

It depends on which lymphocyte is affected.

Question 20

Which has a more predictable progression of lyphoma: Hodgkin’s or non-Hodgkin’s

Answer 20

Hodgkin’s

Question 21

Which is more common: Hodgkin’s or non-Hodgkin’s

Answer 21

Non-Hodgkin’s. It is also more aggressive

Question 22

Which areas of the body are most affected by Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Answer 22

neck, chest, armpits, upper body

Question 23

What is the main difference between Hodgkin’s and non-hodgkin’s

Answer 23

Non-Hodgkin’s is more diffuse and can start anywhere in the body whereas Hodgkin’s sticks to the neck chest and upper body

Question 24

What is ivory vertebra

Answer 24

Sclerosis of the spine

Question 25

What does the pituitary gland control

Answer 25

Most glandular activity

Question 26

Where is the pituitary gland

Answer 26

Sits in sella turcica, it is about the size of a pea

Question 27

Where to pituitary adenomas typically arise

Answer 27

The anterior lobe.

Question 28

What percent of intracranial tumors to pituitary adenomas make up

Answer 28

about 10%

Question 29

Are pituitary tumors usually fast or slow growing

Answer 29

Usually slow growing and benign

Question 30

How will a pituitary tumor affect a person

Answer 30

It will affect their ability to secrete hormones

Question 31

How will a pituitary tumor react to contrast media

Answer 31

They take up contrast homogenously and become hyperdense

Question 32

Cushing's disease is an excess of what

Answer 32

glucocorticoids

Question 33

What does endogenous mean

Answer 33

from a tumor

Question 34

What type of tumor causes cushing's disease

Answer 34

An adrenal gland tumor. Can be malignant or non-malignant.

Question 35

How may a patient with Cushing's syndrome appear

Answer 35

They may have a round or "moon face", may have centripital obesity (or fat cllects in their trunk), they may have a "buffalo hump"or the fat pad behind their shoulders, they may bruise easily and they may also have osteoperosis

Question 36

How will Cushing's appear radiographically

Answer 36

Bilateral thickeningof the adrenal gland wings

Question 37

What hormone does the thyroid control/secrete

Answer 37

TSH

Question 38

What does the thyroid primarily control regarding body functions

Answer 38

cellular metabolism

Question 39

What modality is best to evaluate the thyroid gland

Answer 39

nuclear medicine

Question 40

What is another name for Grave's disease

Answer 40

Hyperthyroidism

Question 41

What happens to a patient with hyperthyroidism

Answer 41

Sped up metabolism

Question 42

How will hyperthyroidism present on imaging

Answer 42

nuke med: diffuse gland enlargment with increased iodine uptake CT: exophthalmos from thickening of extra-ocular muscles

Question 43

Hypothyroidism is from what

Answer 43

decreased production of thyroid hormone

Question 44

What will hypothyroidism do to a patient

Answer 44

slow the metabolism

Question 45

What may cause hypothyroidism

Answer 45

pituitary adenoma or an autoimmune problem

Question 46

How will hypothyroidism present in an image of an adult

Answer 46

enlarged heart shadow from pericardial effusion

Question 47

How will hypothyroidism appear on an image of a child

Answer 47

retarded bone development for their age, thickened skulls and small facial bones and mastoid air cells

Question 48

What are metastases

Answer 48

Increased/decreased density in areas. They are miliary in presentation "moth eaten" appearance.

Question 49

lesions from metastases are often what shape

Answer 49

rounded