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Pathophys Block II > Hematopoiesis II: Bone Marrow > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis II: Bone Marrow Flashcards

1
Q

describe lymphoid tissue

A

tissue that contains lymphoid stem cells. lymphoid line gives rise to B and T lymphocytes

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2
Q

describe meyloid tissue

A

tissue that contains myeloid stem cells. meyloid line gives rise to erythrocytes, platelets, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, monocytes

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3
Q

describe the process of blood cell renewal

A

stem cells (highest potentiality/self-renewing

progenitor cells

precursor cells (blasts): mitotic activity influence of growth factors

mature cells: mature morph and function

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4
Q

pleuripotential stem cell

A

embryonic stem cell, can self-renew or become committed, low mitotic activity, have potential to develop into several different types of mature cells

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5
Q

multipotential stem cell

A

adult stem cells, can develop into one or more types of cells, more limited that pleuripotential; low mitotic activity

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6
Q

progenitor

A

parent cell of each cell type; high mitotic activity; self-renewing; common in marrow or lymphoid organs; mono- or bipotential

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7
Q

percursor cell

A

stage of blood cell growth that comes just before mature cell; high mitotic activity; not self-renewing; common in marrow or lymphoid organs; mono-potential

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8
Q

colony forming cell

A

equivalent to CFU (colony forming unit); NO mitotic activity; abundant in blood and hematopoietic organs

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9
Q

discuss progenitor and precursor cells for platelets

A

pleuripotent stem cell

myeloid stem cell

megakaryoblast

megakaryocyte

platelet

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10
Q

discuss progenitor and precursor cells for erythrocytes

A

pleuripotent stem cell

myeloid stem cell

proerythroblast

reticulocyte

erythrocyte

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11
Q

discuss progenitor and precursor cells for granulocytes

A

pleuripotent stem cell

myeloid stem cell

myeloblast

granulocytes

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12
Q

discuss progenitor and precursor cells for B and T lymphocytes

A

pleuripotent stem cell

lymphoid stem cell

lymphoblast

B and T lymphocytes

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13
Q

discuss progenitor and precursor cells for monocytes

A

pleuripotent stem cell

myeloid stem cell

monoblast

promonocyte

monocytes

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14
Q

discuss the 5 major changes that occur to a cell during erythropoeisis

A
  1. cell size decreases
  2. chromatin becomes more condensed
  3. nuclear size decreases
  4. amount of mRNA decreases
  5. amount of hemoglobin increases
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15
Q

how is erythropoiesis controlled?

A

erythropoietin, secreted by the kidneys; kidneys have oxygen sensors that can stimulate erythropoiesis if necessary

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16
Q

what cells or structures help to degrade old RBCs?

A

macrophages of spleen, bone marrow, and liver

17
Q

what is the process by which RBCs are recycled?

A

globin is hydrolyzed to amino acids

heme iron stored as ferritin and hemosiderin for reuse

remaining heme is degraded into bilirubin which is transported to the liver and excreted in bile via gallbladder

18
Q

name the 5 stages of granulopoeisis

A
  1. myeloblast
  2. promyelocyte
  3. myelocyte
  4. metamyelocyte
  5. eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil
19
Q

discuss the 4 major changes that occur to a cell during granulopoeisis

A
  1. cell size decreases
  2. chromatin condenses
  3. nucleus changes shape (round, stab, band, segmented)
  4. granules form (during myelocyte stage)
20
Q

at what stage can you start to distinguish between types of granulocytes during granulopoeisis?

A

when granules start to form in the myelocyte stage

21
Q

discuss the compartments for neutrophil development and maturation

A
  1. medullary formation
    (in mitotic compartment for 3 days, then in maturation compartment for 4 days)
  2. then stored in medullary storage for 4 days
  3. can be released to circulate in blood in response to threat
  4. marginating and circulating compartments (tissue invasion)
22
Q

what factors control granulopoeisis

A

hematopoietic growth factor

23
Q

discuss the maturation process of lymphocytes

A

lymphobast, prolymphocyte, lymphocyte; maturation starts in bone marrow then cells either mature in bone marrow or thymus depending on cell

24
Q

discuss the maturation process of monocytes

A

leukocyte progenitor, monoblast, promonocyte, monocyte

25
Q

discuss the morphology of monoblasts and myeloblasts

A

monoblasts and myeloblasts are morphologically the same. monoblasts are monocyte progenitors, myeloblasts are granulocyte progenitors

26
Q

discuss the maturation process of platelets

A

progenitor, megakaryoblast, promegakaryocyte, megakaryocyte, platelets

27
Q

discuss the distinguishing morphology of megakaryocytes and where they are found

A

multilobed nucleus, VERY large cells, have LOTS of DNA, extensions break off to form platelets, extensions extend into lumen of sinusoids where platelets are released

Pathophys Block II (8 decks)

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