Hematopoiesis

Question 1

The formation of all blood cellular components (primarily inside the bone marrow) is called ___________.

Answer 1

Hematopoiesis

Question 2

Hematopoiesis occurs primarily in what location during the following stages of life:

1st trimester of fetal life: ?

2nd trimester of fetal life: ?

7 months and on for adult life: ?

Answer 2

Yolk sac

Liver and spleen

Bone marrow

Question 3

As an adult, hematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow of which bones from most to least?

Answer 3

Vertebral and pelvis (pelvis is main site for bone marrow biopsies)

Sternum (2ndry site for bone marrow biopsies but not a good option)

Ribs

(Not a bone but lymph nodes)

Femur

Tibial

Question 4

Which bone marrow compartment is highly vascular and contains hematopoietic stem cells, committed precursor cells and maturing cells?

Answer 4

Hematopoietic cell compartment

Question 5

Which compartment in the bone marrow is where you’ll see the production of hematopoietic growth factors: (endothelial cells, marrow fibroblasts and stromal (reticular) cells); barrier (endothelial cells); source so energy (adipose cells); removal of dead cells and debris (macrophages)?

Answer 5

Marrow Stromal Compartment

Question 6

What is a distinguishing difference in red marrow vs yellow marrow?

Answer 6

Yellow marrow has adipocytes or fat cells

Question 7

________ bone marrow is not active in blood cell formation. It contains predominately ________ cells.

Some bone marrow with fat in the ribs, vertebrae, pelvis, shoulder girdle retains its ________________

Cellularity (or potential to produce blood cells ) _________ with age

Answer 7

Yellow

Adipose

Hemopoietic potential

Decreases

Question 8

Stroma is _________ tissue

And includes _________ and __________

Answer 8

Connective

Adipocytes & macrophages

Question 9

Bundles of blood cells at different stages of maturation are called_________

Answer 9

Hematopoietic cords

Question 10

__________ are b/w cords, lined with endothelial cells, and often have megakaryocytes discharging protoplatelets into the sinusoid

Answer 10

Vascular sinusoids

Question 11

Hematopoietic ________ are capable of self-renewal

These cells are _____potent

Answer 11

Stem cells

Pluripotent

Question 12

After hematopoietic stem cells, we see_________in the development of hematopoiesis

Examples of these cells include: ??

Answer 12

Committed precursor cells

BFU-E, CFU-Mega,CFU-GM, Pre-B Cell, Prothymocyte

Question 13

Hematopoietic stem cells -> committed precursor cell -> __________

Examples of these cells include ??

Answer 13

Maturing cells (are committed)

Proerythroblast, megakaryocyte, mono blasts,myeloblast, b-lymphoblast, t-lymphoblast

Question 14

Hematopoietic growth factors control _______ and __________ phases of hematopoiesis.

Is used for _______________.

Are produced in ________ by endothelial cells, stromal cells, fibroblasts, developing lymphocytes, and macrophages

Answer 14

Proliferative
Maturational

Clinical treatments

Bone marrow

Question 15

The three major groups of hematopoietic growth factors are…?

Answer 15

Colony-stimulating factors (CSF)

Erythropoietin (EPO) and Thrombopoietin (TPO)

Cytokines (primarily Interleukins)

Question 16

This growth factor is a weak stimulator of hematopoiesis and makes stem cells responsive to other cytokines. It is called __________,which has a closely related growth factor called _________ which acts on pluripotent stem cells.

Answer 16

Stem cell factor (SCF)

Flt3 ligand

Question 17

This growth factor influences the replication and growth potential of hematopoietic progenitors,BFU-E and CFU-E (erythrocytes), CFU-meg and Mega (platelets), CFU-GM and CFU-G (neutrophils) and CFU-M (onocytes and macrophages), CFU-Eo (Eosinophils), and CFU-Bas (Basophils). This growth factor is called _________.

Answer 17

IL-3 (interleukin-3)

Question 18

These growth factors act on pluripotent stem cells to develop the lymphoid stem cells, which eventually produces B and T lymphocytes. The growth factor is ____________

Answer 18

Interleukins 1 and 4

Question 19

This growth factor acts primarily on T-cells and also on B-cells. It’s called ________

Answer 19

Interleukin 2 (IL-2)

Question 20

This growth factor works in conjunction with IL-2 to affect B lymphocytes. It’s called ________

Answer 20

Interleukin 6 (IL-6)

Question 21

___________ is a growth factor produced by endothelial cells, T cells, fibroblasts, and monocytes that stimulates the formation of all leukocytes and reticulocytes (erythrocytes, platelets, neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils)

Answer 21

GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor)

Question 22

___________ is a hematopoietic growth factor produced by endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages that stimulates an increase in neutrophils. It can be used as treatment for eutropenia after chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant.

Answer 22

G-CSF

Question 23

_______ is a hematopoietic growth factor that stimulates an increase in monocytes and macrophages

Answer 23

M-CSF (macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Question 24

_________ is a growth factor, produced primarily in the kidney, stimulates the formation of RBCs

Answer 24

EPO (erythropoietin)

Question 25

__________ is a hematopoietic growth factor that stimulates an increase in megakaryocytes and platelets, produced primarily in the liver.

Answer 25

TPO (thrombopoietin)

Question 26

RBCs (erythrocytes) deliver ________ from lungs to tissues | And pick up ______ front eh tissues to unload it in the lungs

Answer 26

Oxygen CO2

Question 27

Thrmobocytes (platelets) secrete _________ and stick together to form a temporary ____________

Answer 27

Vasoconstrictors Platelet plug

Question 28

List the 6 stages of erythropoiesis

Answer 28

1. Pronormoblast 2. Basophilic normoblast 3. Polychromatic normoblast 4. Orthochromic normoblast 5. Polychromatic erythrocyte (Reticulocyte) 6. Erythrocyte PBPORE

Question 29

Because 90% of EPO is produced in the ________ in response to _________,erythropoietin levels during chronic ________ disease would cause __________. You could treat with IV or subcutaneous _______ and monitor for an increase in ___________ in blood

Answer 29

Kidney Hypoxia Kidney Anemia EPO Reticulocytes

Question 30

Hematopoiesis of Thrombocytes goes through the following three cell stages: ________ ________ ________

Answer 30

Megakaryoblast -> megakaryocyte -> Platelets

Question 31

TPO is a major regulator of _________ and _______ development. It is produced in the _________ and in smaller amounts in the _________ and the ________. Chronic liver disease would cause a(n) _________ in TPO levels, resulting in the condition _________. To treat, you would administer _____ and monitor for an increase in ________ in the blood.

Answer 31

Megakaryocyte Platelet Liver Kidney & bone marrow Decrease Thrombocytopenia (decreased platelets) TPO Platelets

Question 32

Agranulopoiesis causes an increase in __________, NO __________________ form, NO nuclear ________, and cell size ________ Agranulopoiesis produces ___________ and _________

Answer 32

Heterechromatin Specific granules Lobulation Decreases Lymphocytes & monocyte

Question 33

Granulopoiesis causes __________ to condense, cytoplasmic _________ form, nucleus becomes __________ and cell size ______________ And it produces ________, _________, and __________.

Answer 33

Chromatin Granules Lobulated Decreases Neutrophils, basophils & eosinophils

Question 34

Neutrophils phagocytize ___________ and release_____________ chemicals

Answer 34

Bacteria Antimicrobial

Question 35

Eosinophils phagocytize _______-___________ complexes , _______ and ____________chemicals They have anti-_________ and _______-cidal activity

Answer 35

Antigen-antibody Allergens Inflammatory Antiparasitic & bactericidal

Question 36

Basophils secrete ________ and ___________ which cause ___________ reactions during ________responses relating to ___________

Answer 36

Histamine & heparin Inflammatory Immune Allergies

Question 37

The leukopoiesis of granulocytes (neutrophils) involves the following 6 cell steps....

Answer 37

1. Myeloblast 2. Promyelocyte 3. Myelocyte 4. Metayelocyte 5. Band 6. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) MPMMBP

Question 38

Lymphocytes: B and T cells canNOT be distinguished by light microscope B cells secrete _________ T cells ____________

Answer 38

Antibodies Destroy cancer cells, virus infected cells, and foreign cells

Question 39

Lymphocytes in a peripheral blood smear appear ______ and are often in an eccentric _______ They are roughly the size of _________

Answer 39

Round Location RBCs

Question 40

When active, lymphocytes have show __________versus a ____________ in an inactive lymphocyte

Answer 40

Increased cytoplasm rim (active) Very narrow cytoplasmic rim (inactive)