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MCM Final > Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

The formation of all blood cellular components (primarily inside the bone marrow) is called ___________.

A

Hematopoiesis

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2
Q

Hematopoiesis occurs primarily in what location during the following stages of life:

1st trimester of fetal life: ?

2nd trimester of fetal life: ?

7 months and on for adult life: ?

A

Yolk sac

Liver and spleen

Bone marrow

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3
Q

As an adult, hematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow of which bones from most to least?

A

Vertebral and pelvis (pelvis is main site for bone marrow biopsies)

Sternum (2ndry site for bone marrow biopsies but not a good option)

Ribs

(Not a bone but lymph nodes)

Femur

Tibial

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4
Q

Which bone marrow compartment is highly vascular and contains hematopoietic stem cells, committed precursor cells and maturing cells?

A

Hematopoietic cell compartment

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5
Q

Which compartment in the bone marrow is where you’ll see the production of hematopoietic growth factors: (endothelial cells, marrow fibroblasts and stromal (reticular) cells); barrier (endothelial cells); source so energy (adipose cells); removal of dead cells and debris (macrophages)?

A

Marrow Stromal Compartment

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6
Q

What is a distinguishing difference in red marrow vs yellow marrow?

A

Yellow marrow has adipocytes or fat cells

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7
Q

________ bone marrow is not active in blood cell formation. It contains predominately ________ cells.

Some bone marrow with fat in the ribs, vertebrae, pelvis, shoulder girdle retains its ________________

Cellularity (or potential to produce blood cells ) _________ with age

A

Yellow

Adipose

Hemopoietic potential

Decreases

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8
Q

Stroma is _________ tissue

And includes _________ and __________

A

Connective

Adipocytes & macrophages

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9
Q

Bundles of blood cells at different stages of maturation are called_________

A

Hematopoietic cords

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10
Q

__________ are b/w cords, lined with endothelial cells, and often have megakaryocytes discharging protoplatelets into the sinusoid

A

Vascular sinusoids

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11
Q

Hematopoietic ________ are capable of self-renewal

These cells are _____potent

A

Stem cells

Pluripotent

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12
Q

After hematopoietic stem cells, we see_________in the development of hematopoiesis

Examples of these cells include: ??

A

Committed precursor cells

BFU-E, CFU-Mega,CFU-GM, Pre-B Cell, Prothymocyte

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13
Q

Hematopoietic stem cells -> committed precursor cell -> __________

Examples of these cells include ??

A

Maturing cells (are committed)

Proerythroblast, megakaryocyte, mono blasts,myeloblast, b-lymphoblast, t-lymphoblast

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14
Q

Hematopoietic growth factors control _______ and __________ phases of hematopoiesis.

Is used for _______________.

Are produced in ________ by endothelial cells, stromal cells, fibroblasts, developing lymphocytes, and macrophages

A

Proliferative
Maturational

Clinical treatments

Bone marrow

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15
Q

The three major groups of hematopoietic growth factors are…?

A

Colony-stimulating factors (CSF)

Erythropoietin (EPO) and Thrombopoietin (TPO)

Cytokines (primarily Interleukins)

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16
Q

This growth factor is a weak stimulator of hematopoiesis and makes stem cells responsive to other cytokines. It is called __________,which has a closely related growth factor called _________ which acts on pluripotent stem cells.

A

Stem cell factor (SCF)

Flt3 ligand

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17
Q

This growth factor influences the replication and growth potential of hematopoietic progenitors,BFU-E and CFU-E (erythrocytes), CFU-meg and Mega (platelets), CFU-GM and CFU-G (neutrophils) and CFU-M (onocytes and macrophages), CFU-Eo (Eosinophils), and CFU-Bas (Basophils). This growth factor is called _________.

A

IL-3 (interleukin-3)

18
Q

These growth factors act on pluripotent stem cells to develop the lymphoid stem cells, which eventually produces B and T lymphocytes. The growth factor is ____________

A

Interleukins 1 and 4

19
Q

This growth factor acts primarily on T-cells and also on B-cells. It’s called ________

A

Interleukin 2 (IL-2)

20
Q

This growth factor works in conjunction with IL-2 to affect B lymphocytes. It’s called ________

A

Interleukin 6 (IL-6)

21
Q

___________ is a growth factor produced by endothelial cells, T cells, fibroblasts, and monocytes that stimulates the formation of all leukocytes and reticulocytes (erythrocytes, platelets, neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils)

A

GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor)

22
Q

___________ is a hematopoietic growth factor produced by endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages that stimulates an increase in neutrophils. It can be used as treatment for eutropenia after chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant.

A

G-CSF

23
Q

_______ is a hematopoietic growth factor that stimulates an increase in monocytes and macrophages

A

M-CSF (macrophage colony-stimulating factor

24
Q

_________ is a growth factor, produced primarily in the kidney, stimulates the formation of RBCs

A

EPO (erythropoietin)

25
Q

__________ is a hematopoietic growth factor that stimulates an increase in megakaryocytes and platelets, produced primarily in the liver.

A

TPO (thrombopoietin)

26
Q

RBCs (erythrocytes) deliver ________ from lungs to tissues

And pick up ______ front eh tissues to unload it in the lungs

A

Oxygen

CO2

27
Q

Thrmobocytes (platelets) secrete _________ and stick together to form a temporary ____________

A

Vasoconstrictors

Platelet plug

28
Q

List the 6 stages of erythropoiesis

A
  1. Pronormoblast
  2. Basophilic normoblast
  3. Polychromatic normoblast
  4. Orthochromic normoblast
  5. Polychromatic erythrocyte (Reticulocyte)
  6. Erythrocyte

PBPORE

29
Q

Because 90% of EPO is produced in the ________ in response to _________,erythropoietin levels during chronic ________ disease would cause __________.

You could treat with IV or subcutaneous _______ and monitor for an increase in ___________ in blood

A

Kidney

Hypoxia

Kidney

Anemia

EPO

Reticulocytes

30
Q

Hematopoiesis of Thrombocytes goes through the following three cell stages:
________
________
________

A

Megakaryoblast -> megakaryocyte -> Platelets

31
Q

TPO is a major regulator of _________ and _______ development. It is produced in the _________ and in smaller amounts in the _________ and the ________.

Chronic liver disease would cause a(n) _________ in TPO levels, resulting in the condition _________.

To treat, you would administer _____ and monitor for an increase in ________ in the blood.

A

Megakaryocyte
Platelet

Liver
Kidney & bone marrow

Decrease

Thrombocytopenia (decreased platelets)

TPO
Platelets

32
Q

Agranulopoiesis causes an increase in __________, NO __________________ form, NO nuclear ________, and cell size ________

Agranulopoiesis produces ___________ and _________

A

Heterechromatin

Specific granules

Lobulation

Decreases

Lymphocytes & monocyte

33
Q

Granulopoiesis causes __________ to condense, cytoplasmic _________ form, nucleus becomes __________ and cell size ______________

And it produces ________, _________, and __________.

A

Chromatin
Granules

Lobulated

Decreases

Neutrophils, basophils & eosinophils

34
Q

Neutrophils phagocytize ___________ and release_____________ chemicals

A

Bacteria

Antimicrobial

35
Q

Eosinophils phagocytize _______-___________ complexes , _______ and ____________chemicals

They have anti-_________ and _______-cidal activity

A

Antigen-antibody

Allergens

Inflammatory

Antiparasitic & bactericidal

36
Q

Basophils secrete ________ and ___________ which cause ___________ reactions during ________responses relating to ___________

A

Histamine & heparin

Inflammatory

Immune

Allergies

37
Q

The leukopoiesis of granulocytes (neutrophils) involves the following 6 cell steps….

A
  1. Myeloblast
  2. Promyelocyte
  3. Myelocyte
  4. Metayelocyte
  5. Band
  6. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)

MPMMBP

38
Q

Lymphocytes:
B and T cells canNOT be distinguished by light microscope

B cells secrete _________

T cells ____________

A

Antibodies

Destroy cancer cells, virus infected cells, and foreign cells

39
Q

Lymphocytes in a peripheral blood smear appear ______ and are often in an eccentric _______

They are roughly the size of _________

A

Round

Location

RBCs

40
Q

When active, lymphocytes have show __________versus a ____________ in an inactive lymphocyte

A

Increased cytoplasm rim (active)

Very narrow cytoplasmic rim (inactive)

MCM Final (7 decks)

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