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MicroAnatomy U6 > Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

Romanovsky Stain

A

Combination of 2 basic dyes and 1 acid dye

  • Basic dyes- azure B and methylene blue
  • acid dye- eosin
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2
Q

Hematopoietic organs

A

Bone marrow
lymphoid organs
liver in fetus

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3
Q

Granulopoiesis

A

Development of granulocytes

  • Neutrophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
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4
Q

General features of neutrophil differentiation

A

condensation- of nuclear chromatin
Nucleus becomes lobulated
cytoplasmic granules appear
cytoplasmic basophilia gradually decreases

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5
Q

Stages of neutrophil differentiation

A 
Blast (myeloblast)
neutrophilic promyelocyte
neutrophilic myelocyte
neutrophilic metamyelocyte
neutrophilic band
mature neutrophil
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6
Q

What 4 cells are normally found in bone marrow

A

blasts
promyelocytes
myelocytes
metamyelocytes

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7
Q

What 2 cells are found in peripheral blood

A

bands

adult neutrophils

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8
Q

Kinetics of neutrophil production

A

takes from 9-14 days
-most of the time spent in bone marrow

Cells leave blood vessels and enter surrounding tissues

  • -diapedesis
  • paracellular route
  • transcellular route

Cells live for about 5 days in surrounding tissue

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9
Q

Marrow granulocytic reserve (MGR)

A

number of cells in bone marrow

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10
Q

Total blood granulocyte pool (TBGP)

A

number of granulocytes in peripheral circulation

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11
Q

Red bone marrow

A 
Site of hematopoiesis
-Flat bones of body
sternum
vertebrae
ribs
clavicles
bones of pelvis
bones of skull
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12
Q

Red bone marrow consists of

A

blood vessels
discontinuous sinusoids
cords of hematopoietic cells- site of blood cell maturation

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13
Q

Hematopoietic stem cell niche

A

interactive structural unit that nurtures and facilitates their activity

  • localized supporting cells
  • ECM protiens- fibronectin, laminin, agrin
  • soluble factors derived from supporting cells
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14
Q

Found in association with spongy bone

A

osteoclasts
osteoblasts
endothelial cells

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15
Q

Osteoclasts

A

create spaces in bone surface

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16
Q

Osteoblasts

A

required for stem cell localization

17
Q

endothelial cells

A

bone marrow macrophages and stromal cells involved

18
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A 
Not active in hematopoiesis
location- medullary cavities of all other bones
consists mostly of adipose cells
-storage of reserve energy
-reserve of hematopoietic tissue
19
Q

Erythrocyte differentiation

A 
Decrease in cell volume
decrease in nuclear diameter
increase in heterochromatin
disappearance in nucleoli
loss of nucleus
decrease in cytoplasmic basophilia
increase in cytoplasmic eosinophilia
20
Q

Stages of erythrocyte differentiation

A 
blast (erythroblast)
basophilic erythroblast
polychromatophilic erythroblast
normoblast
reticulocyte
orthochromatic erythroblast
mature erythrocyte
21
Q

Fate of normoblasts

A

80% will become reticulocytes- released into circulation and can be used to estimate rate of RBC production
20% will become orthochromatic erythroblasts- not normally released into circulation

22
Q

Kinetics of erythrocyte production

A

8-9 days

most of time spent in bone marrow

23
Q

Distribution of RBCs

A

of circulating mature RBCs is about 20X the # of immature forms in bone marrow

ready reserve- located in red bone marrow

24
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Glycoprotein hormone
synthesized in kidney cortex
increases rate of mitosis and RNA synthesis in developing RBCs

25
Q

Hypoxia

A

stimulates the synthesis of erythropoietin

26
Q

Conditions that can lead to hypoxia

A

Hemorrhage
hemolysis
high altitude
compromise of pulmonary function (emphysema)

27
Q

Model of platelet production

A

pseudopod formation
pseudopods elongate forming proplatelets
platelets released from ends of pro platelets
demarcation channels are a membrane reservoir

28
Q

T-lymphocytes

A

leave thymus and populate specific regions of peripheral lymphoid organs

  • lymph nodes
  • spleen
  • tonsils
29
Q

B-lymphocytes

A

leave bone marrow and migrate to peripheral lymphoid organs where they complete differentiation

  • lymph nodes
  • spleen
  • tonsils
30
Q

Kinetics of monocyte differentiation

A

formation in bone marrow takes 2-3 days
remain in peripheral circulation for 1-2days
migrate to tissues and become histiocytes
function as tissue macrophages for 1-3months

MicroAnatomy U6 (3 decks)

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