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CTO Fall Term > Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

Blast cells

A

Are mitotic but not self-replication

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2
Q

As cells develop they…

A

lose potentiality, their nuclei shrink, nucleoli disappear, and specific features develop

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3
Q

Erythroid precursors are outnumbered by granulocytic precursors by what ratio?

A

3:1

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4
Q

How many days do erythrocytes take to develop? Where do they develop?

A

Approx. 7 days; in the bone marrow

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5
Q

How many days do granulocytes take to develop?

A

Approx. 14 days

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6
Q

What change occurs in marrow as humans age?

A

Fat in marrow increases with age

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7
Q

Bone marrow has more ___ cells than ___ cells

A

Mature; blast

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8
Q

Least mature erythrocytic cell type seen in peripheral blood

A

Reticulocytes

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9
Q

Least mature granulocytic cell type seen in peripheral blood

A

Band cells

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10
Q

How long are erythrocytes reticulocytes after release from the bone marrow?

A

About one day

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11
Q

How long do erythrocytes last in peripheral blood after release from the bone marrow?

A

About 120 days

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12
Q

How long do neutrophils last in peripheral blood after release from bone marrow?

A

From hours - one day

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13
Q

Do you see stem cells or progenitor cells in the bone marrow?

A

No, not unless you use cell markers for them

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14
Q

Important growth factors to know:

A

Erythropoieten, GM-CSF, G-CSF, IL-3, Thrombopoieten

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15
Q

Location of erythropoiesis in fetal life:

A

Early fetus = mesodermal cells of yolk sac; 3-4 months = liver and spleen; post 7 months = bone marrow “medullary hematopoiesis” – Liver and spleen can resume production is necessary “extramedullary hematopoiesis

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16
Q

Location of erythropoiesis in adult life:

A

Bone marrow

17
Q

Difference between red and yellow marrow

A

RBCs, platelets and most WBCs arise red marrow; some WBCs develop in yellow marrow. Color of yellow marrow is due to high number of fat cells.

18
Q

What is the role of macrophages in erythroblastic islands?

A

Erythroblastic islands are specialized microenvironmental compartments in the bone marrow where erythroblasts proliferate and differentiate. These islands consist of a central macrophage that extends cytoplasmic protrusions to a ring of surrounding erythroblasts. The macrophages provide nutrients, proliferative and survival signals to the erythroblasts, and phagocytose extruded erythroblast nuclei at the conclusion of erythroid maturation.

19
Q

How do megakaryocytes extend their cytoplasmic processes into sinuses?

A

By dynein motors

20
Q

What is contained within granules in platelets?

A

Growth and clotting factors, vasoactive substances

21
Q

What are CFUs?

A

Colony forming units are progenitor cells that can differentiate into a limited number of cell types

22
Q

What are Keratinocytes?

A

They are the dominant cells of the epidermis, they make keratin!!

23
Q

Which hematopoietic cells have the greatest mitotic activity?

A

Blast cells

24
Q

What is the most important interleukin to stimulate the production of all myeloid cells and what cells produce it?

A

IL-3; produced by T-lymphocytes

25
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A

Produced by renal cells, stimulates RBC development

26
Q

GM-CSF

A

Produced by lymphocytes, endothelium and fibroblasts; stimulates granulocytes and macrophage development

27
Q

G-CSF

A

Produced by macrophages, endothelium and fibroblasts; stimulates granulocyte development

28
Q

IL-3

A

Produced by T-lymphocytes; stimulates production of all myeloid cells

29
Q

Thrombopoietin

A

Produced by liver and kidney; stimulates production of platelets

30
Q

In the adult, where is red marrow found?

A

Vertebrae, pelvis, ribs and sternum

31
Q

In the adult, where is yellow marrow found?

A

Yellow marrow is found in the marrow cavities of long bones

32
Q

What kind of fibers are found in the extravascular compartment of bone marrow?

A

reticular fibers

33
Q

“Take Home” points about the structure of the vascular compartment of bone marrow

A

Venous sinusoids; discontinuous and fenestrated endothelium

34
Q

How long does granulopoiesis take?

A

About two weeks. First week = rapid reproduction of cells; second week = maturation.

CTO Fall Term (4 decks)

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