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Microanatomy > Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two compartments within the bone marrow

A

Vascular & hematopoietic

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2
Q

What do adventitial cells (reticular cells) secrete?

A

Hematopoietic growth factors, produce reticular fibers

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3
Q

Which cells does the common lymphoid progenitor give rise to?

A

T, NK, and B cells

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4
Q

Which cells does the common myeloid progenitor give rise to?

A

Platelets, RBCs, Neutrophiles, Eos, Bas

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5
Q

Which phase of hematopoiesis occurs during 2 to 8 weeks gestation

A

Mesoblastic or yolk sac

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6
Q

What kind of erythrocytes are formed during the yolk sac phase?

A

Nucleated

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7
Q

When does the hepatic phase occur?

A

2 to 7 months intrauterine

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8
Q

What erythrocytes are produced during the hepatic phase?

A

Anucleate erythrocytes followed by megakaryocytes and granulocytes

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9
Q

When does the splenic phase occur?

A

10th week to 6-7 months intrauterine

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10
Q

When does the bone marrow phase occure?

A

6 months intrauterine until death

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11
Q

Site of active hematopoiesis

A

red marrow

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12
Q

When does yellow marrow begin to replace red marrow?

A

after 4-5 years of age

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13
Q

Site of less active hematopoiesis

A

Yellow marrow

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14
Q

The way in which adventitial cells regulate their size

A

Regulating lipolysis

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15
Q

After age 20 where are sites of active hematopoiesis?

A

Sternum, ilia, vertebral bodies, ribs, clavicles, cranial bones, and proximal ends of the femur and humerus

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16
Q

What is the purpose of reticular fibers in the hematopoietic compartment?

A

Form a mesh around the areas of blood cell formation, (mechanical support)

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17
Q

What is the monophyletic theory?

A

There is a pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell that can give rise to all the formed elements of blood

18
Q

The stroma of the hematopoietic compartment consists of:

A

Adventitial cells, Reticular fibers, and macrophages

19
Q

Where does erythropoiesis occur?

A

Erythroblastic islets

20
Q

During erythropoiesis what is responsible for: supplying iron for heme synthesis, produce growth factors, phagocytize extruded nuclei

A

Macrophages

21
Q

What is the order of Erythropoiesis?

A

Proerythroblasts, Basophilic erythroblasts, polychromatophilic erythroblasts, orthochromatic erythroblasts, reticulocytes, mature erythrocytes

22
Q

Which common myeloid progenitor gives rise to the 3 types of granulocytes, monocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes?

A

CFU-GEMM

23
Q

What is the first morhologically recognizable precursor cells in the granulocyte pathway?

A

Myeloblasts

24
Q

What is the first morphologically recognizable precursors to erythrocytes?

A

Proerythroblasts

25
Q

Why do orthochromatic erythroblasts have a salmon pink cytoplasm?

A

Loss of polyribosomes

26
Q

What accompanies the transformation to mature erythrocytes?

A

Loss of transferrin receptors and remaining cytoplasmic organelles

27
Q

Which precursor cell is committed to becoming neutrophils, eosinophils, or basophils?

A

Myeloblasts

28
Q

Which precursor cell are formed when it begins to produce azurophilic granules

A

Promyelocytes

29
Q

What is the order of developing cells in granulopoiesis?

A

Common myeloid progenitor cell, Myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte, band/stab cells, mature granulocyte

30
Q

Which cell type has a common precursor with granulocytes?

A

CFU-M, Common myeloid progenitor cell

31
Q

What is the first cell stage of monopoiesis?

A

Promonocytes

32
Q

What is the mature cell of monopoiesis?

A

Macrophages

33
Q

What two components are included in thrombopoiesis?

A

Development of megakaryocytes, formation of platelets

34
Q

Which cells are derived during lymphopoiesis?

A

B cells, T cells, NK cells, and some dendritic cells

35
Q

How is hematopoiesis controlled?

A

Hematopoietic growth factors, which are a type of cytokine

36
Q

Early HGFs

A

Stem Cell Factor (SCF), IL-3

37
Q

Intermediate HGFs

A

IL-7, GM-CSF

38
Q

Late HGFs

A

IL-4, IL-5, G-CSF, M-CSF, Erythropoietin (EPO)

39
Q

What happens to cells that are not induced to continue division or differentiation by HGFs?

A

Apoptosis

40
Q

What are the 4 commercial preparations of HGFs that are currently approved by the FDA for use in the U.S.

A

G-CSF (Neupogen)
GM-CSF (Leukine)
Erythropoietin (Epogen, Procrit)
Interleukin-11 (Neumega)

Microanatomy (6 decks)

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