Hematopoesis

Question 1

Hematopoiesis

Answer 1

Formation of blood cells

Occur in the bone marrow

Question 2

Major types of blood cells

Answer 2

Erythrocytes (red blood cells)

Thrombocytes (platelets)

Leukocytes (white blood cells)
Myeloid cells (leukocytes that are not lymphocytes)
Lymphocytes

Question 3

Cytokine

Answer 3

Historically, associated with hematopoietic cells and immune system cells.

Question 4

Growth factor

Answer 4

A protein capable of stimulating cellular proliferation and cellular differentiation
Examples: cytokines and hormones

Question 5

Thrombopoietin

Answer 5

myeloid progenitor cells differentiate to megakaryocytes (thrombocyte-forming cells)

Question 6

Erythropoietin

Answer 6

Regulates maturation from a myeloid progenitor cell (erythroid precursor) to become an erythrocyte

Produced in the kidneys (Renal Medulla)

Question 7

G-CSF (Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor, GCSF, or CSF-3)

Answer 7

Involved in proliferation and maturation of granulocytes, neutrophils and stems cells
Stimulate the production of leukocytes
Stimulate to produce granulocyte and stem cells in the bone marrow
Stimulate survival, proliferation, differentiation, and function of neutrophil precursors and mature neutrophils

Question 8

GM-CSF (Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)

Answer 8

Cytokine that functions as a white blood cell growth factor.

Clinical significance:
Medication to stimulate the production of white blood cells following chemotherapy.

Question 9

Erythrocytes

Answer 9

Small cells
Diameters: 6.5-8 um
4-6 million cells/uL

No nucleous, No mitochondria, no ribosomes

Question 10

Leukocytes

Answer 10

Classified based on nuclear shape and granule shapes (and types)
Larger
Diameters: 12-15 um
Less abundant: 4000-10,000 cells/uL

Question 11

Platelets

Answer 11

Small (2-4um)
150,000-450,000 cells/uL (more than leukocytes; less than erythrocytes)
Anucleate cell fragments
Membrane enclosed sacs of cytoplasm
Punch off from magakaryocytes