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Pathology Final > Hematopathology > Flashcards

Hematopathology Flashcards

1
Q

maturation delay

neutrophil hypersegmentation

A

Megaloblastic anemia

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2
Q

Pernicious Anemia

Folate Deficiency

A

Megaloblastic anemia

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3
Q

Symptoms: Neurological, poor balance, problems w/ stereognosis
Diagnosis: schiling test
Treatment: B12 therapy (GI problem- injections)

A

Pernicious Anemia

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4
Q

T/F - Humans can make folic acid.

A

False - Have to get folic acid through diet

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5
Q

Symptoms: NO neurological symptoms
Diagnosis: obtain folic acid levels
Treatment: folate therapy

A

Folate deficiency

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6
Q

What is the importance of the reticuloendothelial system (RES)?

A
  • spleen is a major repository of mononuclear phagocytic cells
  • recycling center for red blood cell constituents (iron)
  • filtration of unwanted elements from the blood by phagocytosis
  • major secondary organ in the immune system
  • source of lymphoreticular cells and sometimes hematopoietic cells
  • reserve pool and storage site of platelets, RBCs, and leukocytes
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7
Q
  • Premature destruction of red cells
  • accumulation of products of hemoglobin catabolism
  • compensatory increase in erythropoiesis w/n bone marrow
A

Hemolytic Anemias

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8
Q

Manifestations: hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria, methmalbuminemia, jaundice, hemosiderinuria, and decrease in serum hepatoglobin

A

Intravascular hemolysis

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9
Q

Damage to red cells by mechanical, immune or toxic factors

A

Intravascular hemolysis

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10
Q

Occurs whenever red cells are injured, rendered foreign or become less deformable and are sequestered by the spleen for destruction

A

Extravascular hemolysis

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11
Q

Manifestations: Anemia, Jaundice, decrease in serum haptoglobin

A

Extravascular hemolysis

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12
Q

What are some RBC disorders associated with hemolysis?

A

Enzyme deficiency: glu-6-P dh deficiency

Hemoglobinopathies: sickle cell and thalassemia

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13
Q

most lymphoid neoplasmas are of _________ origin

A

B cell

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14
Q

T/F - all lymphoid neoplasms are moncolonal

A

True

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15
Q

Is tissue required to diagnose neoplastic proliferations of white cells?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What is the most common cancer of children?

A

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL)

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17
Q

What ethnicities are affected most in Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma ALL?

A

3xs more common in whites than blacks
boys more common than girls
Hispanics have the highest incidence

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18
Q

At what age does the incidence of Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma occur?

A

Age 3

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19
Q

The majority of all Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphomas are of what cell origin?

A

pre-B cell origin

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20
Q

What is the morphology of Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma?

A

Hypercellular bone marrow packed with lymphoblasts

35% blast cells in marrow or circulation

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21
Q

What ate the symptoms of Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma?

A

anemia, fatigue, fever and infection

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22
Q

What is the difference between chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic leukemia (SLL)?

A

Differ only in degree of peripheral lymphocytosis

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23
Q

What is the most common leukemia in adults in the western world?

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic leukemia

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24
Q

Tumor cells of this disease express CD19, CD20 and CD5. What disease is it?

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic leukemia

CD5 - (T cell marker only on small subset of B cells, large #s raise suspicion of malignant process)

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25
Q

What are two of the most common inherited disorders of bleeding ?

A

Hemophilia A and von Willebrand disease

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26
Q

What is the major source of vWF?

A

epithelial cells

27
Q

What is the major source of factor VIII?

A

hepatocytes

28
Q

What is the most important function of vWF?

A

adhesion of platelets to subendothelial collagen

29
Q

What is believed to be most common bleeding disease?

A

vWFd

30
Q

A test reveals prolonged bleeding time with normal platelet counts. What disease is it?

A

vWFd

31
Q

A test reveals prolonged PTT with normal PT, bleeding time and platelet counts. What disease is it?

A

Either Hemophilia A or B

Both are clinically indistinguishable

32
Q

WHat is the most common hereditary disease with serious bleeding?

A

Hemophilia A

33
Q

Hemophilia A is a mutation of what gene?

A

FVIII gene

34
Q

Hemophilia B is a mutation of what gene?

A

FIX gene

35
Q

Decreased ferritin

Increased total iron binding capacity

A

Iron deficiency Anemia

36
Q

Neutrophil hypersegmentation

A

Megaloblastic anemia

37
Q

Neurological problems
Poor balance
Diagnosis: Schilling test

A

Pernicious anemia

38
Q

No neurologic symptoms

Diagnosis: folic acid levels

A

Folic acid therapy

39
Q 
Hemoglobinemia
Hemoglobinuria
Mathemalbuminemia
Jaundice
Hemosiderinuria
Decrease in serum haptoglobin
A

Intravascular hemolysis

40
Q

Anemia
Jaundice
Decrease in serum haptoglobin

A

Extravascular hemolysis

41
Q

A patient with sickle cell anemia may develop anaplastic anemia due to _______________ infection.

A

Parvo B19 infection

42
Q

What is needed for the diagnosis for sickle cell and/or thalassemia?

A

Hgb electrophoresis

43
Q

Characterized by a lack of or decreased synthesis of either alpha or beta globin chain of HbA

A

Thalassemia

44
Q

Anisocytosis
RBCs are microcytic and hypochromic fragmented and stippled
Elevated reticulocyte count

A

Beta thalassemia major

45
Q

Target cell

Bone pain due to expansion of marrow cavity

A

Beta thalassemia

46
Q

Defect in the red cell membrane that renders erythrocytes sperical, less deformable, and vulnerable to splenic sequestration and destruction

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

47
Q

Deficiency of spectrin - leading to reduced membrane stability and loss of membrane fragments

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

48
Q

When red cell progenitors are normal but proliferate in response to increased levels of erythropoietin. Seen with lung disease, high altitude livingt, and cyanotic heart disease

A

Secondary absolute polycythemia

49
Q

Test to asses platelet response

A

Bleeding time

50
Q

What is the normal PT?

A

10-13 seconds

51
Q

What is the normal PTT?

A

20-34 seconds

52
Q

Adhesion of platelets to subendothelial collagen is the action of ______.

A

vWF

53
Q

Prolonged bleeding time with prolonged PTT

A

vWFd

54
Q

Prolonged PTT, normal PT, bleeding time and platelet counts

A

Hemophilia A or B

55
Q

Involvement of bone marrow - blast cells

Peripheral blood

A

Leukemia

56
Q

Most common cancer of children
3xs more common in whites than blacks
More common in boys than girls
Majority of tumors are Pre-B cell tumors

A

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

57
Q

Poor prognosis of child with ALL involves the presence of what mutation?

A

t(9;22) the philadelphia chromosome

58
Q

Synthesis of kappa and lambda chains

A

CLL

59
Q

CD5 marker - abnormal

A

CLL

60
Q

Transformation to diffuse large B cell lymphoma so called Richter syndrome

A

CLL

61
Q

IL6 proliferation - osteoclastic activating factor that mediates bone destruction

A

Multiple myeloma

62
Q

Kappa light chain - bence jones proteinuria

A

Multiple myeloma

63
Q

Translocation involving the BCR gene on chromosome 9 and the ABL gene on chromosome 22 - resultant is BCR-ABL fusion gene

A

chronic myelogenous leukemia - CML

64
Q

A distinctive tumor giant cell known as the Reed-sternberg cells is considered to be the true neoplastic element

A

Hodgkin disease

Pathology Final (2 decks)

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