Hematology week 1

Question 1

What does blood clotting require?

Answer 1

Ca2+

Question 2

How can you prevent clotting?

Answer 2

use chelating agents such as EDTA or Lavender top

Question 3

What is Wright-gemsa Stain?

Answer 3

Contains Eosin- gamma, methylene blue so you can see cells in blood smears

Question 4

What are the properties of eosin gamma?

Answer 4

• stain is aromatic and acidic
• soluble in ethanol, (not water)
• stains hydrophobic basic macro-molecules (hemoglobin granules and other proteins)

Question 5

What are the properties of Eosinophils?

Answer 5

red in stain
rare in blood (< 5% of leukocytes)
mediators of innate immunity
^ in the context of allergic rnx (asthma) and infections w/ parasites

Question 6

What is methylene blue’s properties?

Answer 6

aromatic/basic
soluble in water or methanol
-stains hydrophobic acidic macro-molecules (NA and some proteins)

Question 7

What are the properties of Basophils?

Answer 7

• stain blue in the nucleus
• rare in blood (<1% of leukocytes)
• function via degranulation in allergic rxs
• related to tissue mast cells
• NA nature start

Question 8

What are Neutorphils?

Answer 8

-SEG
-Neurtral cells
-w/ cytoplasmic granules that stain light pink, binding little of either eosin or methylene blue
short life span (1 day)
infection shock troops
40-70% of leukocytes

Question 9

What color do Neutrophils stain?

Answer 9

red and blue

segmented nuclei

Question 10

What color to eosinophils stain?

Answer 10

red

Question 11

what color do basophils stain?

Answer 11

Blue

Question 12

What are neutrophils weapon tactics?

Answer 12

phagocytosis
degranulation (myloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase))
formation of extra cellular traps (NETS)

Question 13

What are NETS?

Answer 13

extra cellular traps

due to chromatin to trap bacteria and regulate rxns in infections

Question 14

What are the normal ranges for WBC? and What is WBC

Answer 14

Normal ranges:

WBC 4.8-10.8 K/ul
White blood cell count

Question 15

What are the normal ranges for RBC? and What is RBC?

Answer 15

RBC 4.7-6.1 (male), 4.2-5.4 (female) X10^6

Red blood cell count

Question 16

What are the normal ranges for Hgb? and What is Hbg?

Answer 16

Hgb 14-18 (male), 12-16 (female)

Hemegloblin g/dL

Question 17

What are the normal ranges for Hct? and What is Hct?

Answer 17

Hct  42-52 (male), 37-47 (female)
 Hematocrit  %
A/B = hematocrit
(% of blood volume occupied by red cells)
(rbc x mean cell volume)

Question 18

What are the normal ranges for MCV? and What is MCV?

Answer 18

MCV 80-100 fL

Mean red cell volume (MCV)

Question 19

What are the normal ranges for RDW? and What is RDW?

Answer 19

RDW 11.5%-14.5%
Red cell distribution width (RDW)
(a measure of size variation)

Question 20

What are the normal ranges for MCH? and What is MCH?

Answer 20

MCH 27-31 pg
MCH (Mean cell hemoglobin)
(Hgb/RBC)

Question 21

What are the normal ranges for MCHC? and What is MCHC?

Answer 21

MCHC 32-36 %
MCHC (Mean cell hemoglobin concentration)
(Hgb/Hct)

Question 22

What are the normal ranges for Plts? and What is Plts?

Answer 22

Plts 150-350 K/uL

Platelet count

Question 23

What are the normal ranges for MPV? and What is MPV?

Answer 23

MPV 7.4-10.4 fL
Platelet count
Mean platelet volume (MPV)

Question 24

What is a monocyte? And how does it stain?

Answer 24

• 3% ot 8% of blood leukocytes
• Phagocytes which present foreign antigens (via MHC class II molecules)
• Most (but not all) macrophages in tissues are derived from these cells
• Numbers can increase in association with a wide variety of illnesses; “monocytosis” -is VERY non-specific