Hematology - Review Flashcards
What are the five hematology drugs?
- Anticoagulants
- Antiplatelets
- Thrombolytics
- Hemostatics
- Antimalarials
What is the only fluid tissue in the human body?
Blood
What makes blood a connective tissue?
Fibrinogen
What are the living cells in the blood?
Formed elements
What are the non-living components of blood?
Plasma
What are cell fragments?
Thrombocytes
What two things make up the formed elements?
- Cells (Erythrocytes and Leukocytes)
- Cell fragments (Thrombocytes)
Name three characteristics of platelets.
- Small cell fragments
- Membrane-enclosed packets of cytoplasm
- Contain enzymes and clotting factors
Plasma makes up what percentage of whole blood volume?
What percentage of this is water?
- 55%
- 90%
Name some substances dissolved in plasma.
What is the most important in terms of pharmacology?
- Nutrients
- Salts
- Respiratory gases
- Hormones
- Plasma proteins - most important
- Waste products
What are the three kinds of plasma proteins? Which is the most abundant?
- Albumin - most abundant (60%)
- Globulins
- Fibrinogen
Which plasma protein is responsible for clotting?
Fibrinogen
Where are the majority of plasma proteins synthesized?
Liver (90%)
If you have a liver disorder, the synthesis of two things might be affected. What are these two things?
What will this cause a problem with?
- Fibrinogen / Vitamin K
- Clotting
How long do thrombocytes circulate for?
What removes them from the blood?
- 9-12 days
- removed by phagocytes
What is the normal platelet count?
150,000 - 500,000 in each µl of blood
What cell are thrombocytes derived from?
Where are these formed?
- Megakaryocytes
- Bone marrow
What are the five main functions of blood?
- Regulation of pH and ion composition of interstitial fluid
- Defense against toxins and pathogens
- Stabilization of body temperature
- Transportation of nutrients, hormones, wastes, and dissolved gasses
- Restriction of fluid losses at injury sites
What are the steps in homeostatis?
- Blood-vessel injury causes vasospasm (constriction)
- Platelets are attracted to and adhere to injured area
- Aggregation of platelets forms plug
- Formation of insoluble fibrin strand
- Final product of fibrin clot that stops blood loss
Normal clotting occurs in how many minutes?
Six
What happens when damaged vessel endothelium stimulates platelets?
Platelet adhesion
What are the two pathways leading to the clotting cascade?
- Intinsic pathway / contact activation pathway
- Extrinic pathway
What is the intrinsic pathway in response to?
Abnormal vessel wall in the absence of tissue injury.
In what homestatic pathway does prothromin convert to thrombin to seal off the system?
Both! (Intrinsic and Extrinsic)
This is where they become the common pathway.