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First Aid/Pathoma > Hematology/Oncology > Flashcards

Hematology/Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Anisocytosis

A

RBCs of varying sized

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2
Q

Poikilocytosis

A

RBCs of varying shapes

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3
Q

Bluish color on Wright-Giemsa stain of reticulocytes represents what?

A

Residual ribosomal RNA

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4
Q

vWF receptor

A

Gp1b

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5
Q

Fibrinogen receptor

A

Gp2b/3a

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6
Q

Neutrophil chemotactic factors

A

C5a

IL-8

LTB4

Kallikrein

Platelet-activating Factor

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7
Q

What cell differentiates into macrophages?

A

Monocytes

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8
Q

Macrophages are activated by what?

A

Gamma-interferon

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9
Q

What binds to macrophages to initiate septic shock? Where does it bind?

A

Lipid A from bacterial LPS

Binds to CD14 ON macrophages

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10
Q

Causes of eosinophilia

A

NAACP

Neoplasia

Asthma

Allergic process

Chronic adrenal insufficiency

Parasites (invasive)

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11
Q

What 2 substances are produced by Eosinophils?

A

Histaminase

Major basic protein (helminthotoxin)

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12
Q

Basophils contain/release what 3 substances?

A

Heparin

Histamine

Leukotrienes

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13
Q

Basophilia is uncommon, but can be a sign of what?

A

CML

(myeloproliferative disease)

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14
Q

Mast cells are involved in what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type 1

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15
Q

Mast cells bind IgE how?

A

Via Fc portion of IgE membrane

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16
Q

Mast cells release what 4 things?

A

Histamine

Heparin

Tryptase

Eosinophil chemotactic factors

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17
Q

What prevents mast cells degranulation?

A

Cromolyn Sodium

(used for asthma prophylaxis)

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18
Q

Langerhans cells are what?

A

Dendritic cells in the skin

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19
Q

Plasma cell cancer

A

Multiple Myeloma

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20
Q

Clock-face chromatin

Eccentric nucleus

Abundant RER

Well-developed Golgi Apparatus

Found in Bone Marrow

A

Plasma Cells

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21
Q

Location of Fetal Erythropoiesis

A

Yolk Sac (3-8 weeks)

Liver (6 wks - birth)

Spleen (10-28 weeks)

BM (18 weeks - adult)

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22
Q

What is the benefit of HbF?

A

HbF has a higher affinity for oxygen because of less avid binding of 2,3-BPG.

This allows HbF to extract oxygen from maternal hemoglobin across the placenta.

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23
Q

Blood type = universal recipient of RBCs

24
Q

Blood type = universal recipient of plasma

25
Blood type = universal donor of plasma
AB
26
Blood type = universal donor of RBCs
O
27
What is given to an Rh (-) mother? When? Why?
Anti-D IgG (RhoGAM) During 3rd trimester Prevents maternal anti-D IgG production
28
Presentation of ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn
Mild jaundice in the neonate within 24 hours of birth Treat with phototherapy or exchange transfusion
29
Distance of migration of hemoglobin types on gel electrophoresis (farthest --\> shortest)
HbA = glutamic acid (-) HbS = Valine (neutral) HbC = Lysine (+)
30
What enzyme uses Vitamin K to activate coag factors?
gamma-glutamyl transferase
31
Factor 5 resistant to inhibition by activated protein C
Factor 5 Leiden Mutation
32
What changes Vitamin K from it's oxidized form to it's reduced form?
Epoxide Reductase
33
Pro-aggregation factors
TXA2 Decreased blood flow Increased platelet aggregation
34
Anti-aggregation factors
PGi2 NO Increased blood flow Decreased platelet aggregation
35
Source of vWF
Weibel-Palade bodies of endothelial cells and alpha granules of platelets
36
Failure of agglutination with Ristocetin assay occurs in what 2 disorders?
von Willenbrand disease Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
37
Deficiency of Gp2b3a
Glanzmann Thombasthenia
38
Deficiency of Gp1b
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
39
Acanthocyte "Spur cell"
Liver disease Abetalipoproteinemia (cholesterol deregulation)
40
Basophilic Stippling
Lead poisoning Sideroblastic Anemias Myelodysplastic Syndromes
41
Dacrocyte | (tear drop cell)
Bone marrow infiltration (myelofibrosis) RBS "sheds a tear" because it is mechanically squeezed out of its home in the bone marrow.
42
Degmacyte | (bite cell)
G6PD Deficiency
43
Echinocyte (burr cell) REGULAR spikes
End stage renal disease Liver disease Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
44
Elliptocyte
Hereditary elliptocytosis Usually asymptomatic Caused by mutation in genes coding RBC membrane proteins (spektrin)
45
Macro-ovalocyte
Megaloblastic Anemia (with hypersegmented PMNs) Marrow Failure
46
Ringed Sideroblast
Sideroblastic Anemia Excess iron in mitochondria Found IN bone marrow
47
Schistocyte
DIC TTP/HUS HELLP syndrome Mechanical hemolysis (heart valve prosthesis) \*fragmented RBCs\*
48
Sickle Cell
Sickle cell anemia Sickling occurs with dehydration, deoxygenation, and at high altitude
49
Spherocyte
Hereditary Spherocytosis Drug and infection induced hemolytic anemia
50
Target Cell
HbC disease Asplenia Liver disease Thalassemia (THAL)
51
Heinz Bodies
G6PD Deficiency Oxidation of Hb-SH groups to S-S leads to Hb precipitation (subsequent phagoytic damage to RBC membrane --\> bite cells) **CAN HAVE MULTIPLE PER CELL**
52
Howell-Jolly Bodies
Functional hyposplenia or asplenia Basophilic nuclear remnants (Would normally have been removed from RBCs by splenic macrophages) **ONLY ONE PER CELL**
53
Triad: Iron Deficiency Anemia Esophageal Webs Dysphagia
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
54
Alpha-Thalassemia with CIS deletion prevalent in what popuation?
Asian
55
Alpha-Thalassemia with TRANS deletion prevalent in what population?
African
56
Beta-Thalassemia is prevalent in what population?
Mediterranean
57
Lead inhibits what 2 enzymes?
Ferrochelatase ALA Dehydratase

First Aid/Pathoma (2 decks)

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