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step 2 rapid review > Hematology/Oncology > Flashcards

Hematology/Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Four causes of microcytic anemia.

A

TICS - Thalassemia, Iron deficiency, anemia of Chronic disease, and Sideroblastic anemia.

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2
Q

An elderly man with hypochromic, microcytic anemia is asymptomatic. Diagnostic test?

A

Fecal occult blood test and sigmoidoscopy; suspect colorectal cancer.

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3
Q

Precipitants of hemolytic crisis in patients with G6PD

A

Sulfonaimides, antimalarial drugs, fava beans.

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4
Q

The most common inherited cause of hypercoagulability.

A

Factor V Leiden mutation.

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5
Q

The most common inherited bleeding disorder.

A

von Willerbrand’s disease.

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6
Q

The most common inherited hemolytic anemia.

A

Hereditary spherocytosis.

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7
Q

Diagnostic test for hereditary spherocytosis.

A

Osmotic fragility test.

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8
Q

Pure RBC aplasia.

A

Diamond-Blackfan anemia.

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9
Q

Anemia associated with absent radii and thumbs, diffuse hyperpigmentation, cafe au lait spots, microcephaly, and pancytopenia.

A

Fanconi’s anemia.

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10
Q

Medications and viruses that lead to aplastic anemia.

A

Chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, radiation, HIV, chemotherapeutic agents, hepatitis, parvovirus B19, EBV.

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11
Q

How to distinguish polycythemia vera from secondary polycythemia.

A

Both have increased hematocrit and RBC mass, but polycythemia vera should have normal O2 saturation and low erythopoietin levels.

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12
Q

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) pentad.

A

“FAT RN”: Fever, Anemia, Thrombocytopenia, Renal dysfunction, Neurologic abnormalities.

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13
Q

HUS triad?

A

Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure.

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14
Q

Treatment for TTP.

A

Emergent large-volume plasmapheresis, corticosteroids, antiplatelet drugs. Platelet transfusion is contraindicated.

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15
Q

Treatment for Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP) in children.

A

Usually resolves spontaneously; may require IVIG and/or corticosteroids.

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16
Q

Which of the following are increased in DIC: fibrin split products, D-dimer, fibrinogen, platelets, and hematocrit.

A

Fibrin split products and D-dimer are elevated; platelets, fibrinogen, and hematocrit are decreased.

17
Q

An 8 year old boy presents with hemarthrosis and increased PTT with normal PT and bleeding time. Diagnosis? Treatment?

A

Hemophilia A or B; consider desmopressin (for hemophilia A) or factor VIII or IX supplements.

18
Q

A 14 year old girl presents with prolonged bleeding after dental surgery and with menses, normal PT, normal or increased PTT, and increased bleeding time. Diagnosis? Treatment?

A

von Willebrand’s disease; treat with desmopressin, FFP, or cryoprecipitate.

19
Q

A 60 year old African American man presents with bone pain. What might a workup for multiple myeloma reveal?

A

Monoclonal gammopathy, Bence Jones proteinuria, and “punched-out” lesions on x-ray of the skull and long bones.

20
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells.

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

21
Q

A 10 year old boy presents with fever, weigh loss, and night sweats. Examination shows an anterior mediastinal mass. Suspected diagnosis?

A

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

22
Q

Microcytic anemia with decreased serum iron, decreased total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and normal or increased ferritin.

A

Anemia of chronic disease.

23
Q

Microcytic anemia with decreased serum iron, decreased ferritin, and increased TIBC.

A

Iron deficiency anemia.

24
Q

An 80 year old man presents with fatigue, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and isolated lymphocytosis. What is the suspected diagnosis?

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

25
Q

The lymphoma equivalent of CLL.

A

Small lymphocytic lymphoma.

26
Q

A late, life-threatening complication of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).

A

Blast crisis (fever, bone pain, splenomegaly, pancytopenia).

27
Q

Auer rods on blood smear.

A

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).

28
Q

AML subtype associated with DIC. Treatment?

A

M3. Retinoic acid.

29
Q

Electrolyte changes in tumor lysis syndrome.

A

Decreased Calcium, increased K+, phosphate, and uric acid.

30
Q

A 50 year old man presents with early satiety, splenomegaly, and bleeding. Cytogenetics show t(9,22). Diagnosis?

A

CML.

31
Q

Heinz bodies.

A

Intracellular inclusions seen in thalassemia, G6PD deficiency, and postsplenectomy.

32
Q

Virus associated with aplastic anemia in patients with sickle cell anemia.

A

Parvovirus B19

33
Q

A 25 year old African American man with sickle cell anemia has sudden onset of bone pain. Management of pain crisis?

A

O2, analgesia, hydration, and, if severe, transfusion.

34
Q

A significant cause of morbidity in thalassemia patients. Treatment?

A

Iron overload; use deferoxamine.

step 2 rapid review (11 decks)

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