Hematology/Oncology Flashcards
Four causes of microcytic anemia.
TICS - Thalassemia, Iron deficiency, anemia of Chronic disease, and Sideroblastic anemia.
An elderly man with hypochromic, microcytic anemia is asymptomatic. Diagnostic test?
Fecal occult blood test and sigmoidoscopy; suspect colorectal cancer.
Precipitants of hemolytic crisis in patients with G6PD
Sulfonaimides, antimalarial drugs, fava beans.
The most common inherited cause of hypercoagulability.
Factor V Leiden mutation.
The most common inherited bleeding disorder.
von Willerbrand’s disease.
The most common inherited hemolytic anemia.
Hereditary spherocytosis.
Diagnostic test for hereditary spherocytosis.
Osmotic fragility test.
Pure RBC aplasia.
Diamond-Blackfan anemia.
Anemia associated with absent radii and thumbs, diffuse hyperpigmentation, cafe au lait spots, microcephaly, and pancytopenia.
Fanconi’s anemia.
Medications and viruses that lead to aplastic anemia.
Chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, radiation, HIV, chemotherapeutic agents, hepatitis, parvovirus B19, EBV.
How to distinguish polycythemia vera from secondary polycythemia.
Both have increased hematocrit and RBC mass, but polycythemia vera should have normal O2 saturation and low erythopoietin levels.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) pentad.
“FAT RN”: Fever, Anemia, Thrombocytopenia, Renal dysfunction, Neurologic abnormalities.
HUS triad?
Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure.
Treatment for TTP.
Emergent large-volume plasmapheresis, corticosteroids, antiplatelet drugs. Platelet transfusion is contraindicated.
Treatment for Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP) in children.
Usually resolves spontaneously; may require IVIG and/or corticosteroids.
Which of the following are increased in DIC: fibrin split products, D-dimer, fibrinogen, platelets, and hematocrit.
Fibrin split products and D-dimer are elevated; platelets, fibrinogen, and hematocrit are decreased.
An 8 year old boy presents with hemarthrosis and increased PTT with normal PT and bleeding time. Diagnosis? Treatment?
Hemophilia A or B; consider desmopressin (for hemophilia A) or factor VIII or IX supplements.
A 14 year old girl presents with prolonged bleeding after dental surgery and with menses, normal PT, normal or increased PTT, and increased bleeding time. Diagnosis? Treatment?
von Willebrand’s disease; treat with desmopressin, FFP, or cryoprecipitate.
A 60 year old African American man presents with bone pain. What might a workup for multiple myeloma reveal?
Monoclonal gammopathy, Bence Jones proteinuria, and “punched-out” lesions on x-ray of the skull and long bones.
Reed-Sternberg cells.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
A 10 year old boy presents with fever, weigh loss, and night sweats. Examination shows an anterior mediastinal mass. Suspected diagnosis?
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Microcytic anemia with decreased serum iron, decreased total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and normal or increased ferritin.
Anemia of chronic disease.
Microcytic anemia with decreased serum iron, decreased ferritin, and increased TIBC.
Iron deficiency anemia.
An 80 year old man presents with fatigue, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and isolated lymphocytosis. What is the suspected diagnosis?
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
