Endocrinology Flashcards
The most common cause of hypothyroidism.
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
Lab findings in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
High TSH, low T4, anti-TPO antibodies.
Exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema, and decreased TSH.
Grave’s disease.
The most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome.
Iatrogenic corticosteroid administration. The second most common cause is Cushing’s disease.
A patient presents with signs of hypocalcemia, high phosphorus, and low PTH.
Hypoparathyroidism.
“Stones, bones, groans, psychiatric overtones.”
Signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia.
A patient complain of headache, weakness, and polyuria; examination reveals hypertension and tetany. Labs show hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis.
Primary hyperaldosteronism (due to Conn’s syndrome or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia).
A patient presents with tachycardia, wild swings in BP, headache, diaphoresis, altered mental status, and a sense of panic.
Pheochromocytoma.
Which should be used first in treating pheochromocytoma, alpha or beta antagonist?
alpha-antagonist (phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine).
A patient with a history of lithium use presents with copious amounts of dilute urine.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI).
Treatment of central DI
Administration of DDAVP and free-water restriction.
A postoperative patient with significant pain present with hyponatremia and normal volume status.
SIADH due to stress.
An antidiabetic agents associated with lactic acidosis.
Metformin.
A patient presents with weakness, nauseas, vomiting, weight loss, and new skin pigmentation. Labs show hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Treatment?
Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease). Treat with glucocorticoids, mineralocoritcoids, and IV fluids.
Goal HbA1C for patient with diabetes mellitus (DM)
< 7.0
