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Hematology Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

Define hematology

A

The study of blood

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2
Q

What is the blood volume in adults?

A

5-6 liters

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3
Q

What is the pH of blood?

A

7.35-7.45 - SLIGHTLY ALKALINE

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4
Q

What are the functions of the blood?

A
  • Transporting nutrients
  • Removing metabolic waste products
  • Providing protection from foreign particles
  • Forming blood clots
  • Regulating temperature
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5
Q

Blood consists of what 2 components?

A

Plasma and cells

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6
Q

What percentage of plasma is water?

A

90%

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7
Q

If 90% of plasma is water, what is the other 10%?

A

Dissolved solutes

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8
Q

What is plasma’s main function?

A

To help distribute heat evenly throughout the body

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9
Q

List plasma components

A
  • Nutrients
  • Plasma Proteins
  • Amino Acids
  • Fat
  • Lipoprotein
  • Minerals & Electrolytes
  • Hormones
  • Gases
  • Waste products of metabolism
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10
Q

What is albumin and what is the percentage of protein in plasma?

A
  • Most abundant protein made by the liver

- 60%

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11
Q

What is albumin’s main function?

A

It maintains blood volume and blood pressure

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12
Q

What are globulins and what is the percentage of protein in plasma?

A
  • antibodies that fight against disease

- 40%

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13
Q

What is another function of globulin?

A

It carries protein and lipids

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14
Q

What is the A/G ratio?

A

60/40

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15
Q

What is fibrinogen?

What’s its main function?

A
  • The least abundant plasma protein

- It aids in the clotting of blood

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16
Q

What do nutrients in plasma consist of?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins

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17
Q

What do amino acids do?

A

They come from proteins that are broken down by our digestive system

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18
Q

What does fat in plasma do?

A

It circulates fatty acids, carried by albumin, and it’s the main source of energy

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19
Q

What do lipoproteins in plasma consist of?

A

HDL - good cholesterol

LDL - bad cholesterol

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20
Q

What are the minerals and electrolytes in plasma?

A

sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, iron, iodine

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21
Q

What are hormones?

A

They’re chemical messengers secreted directly into the blood by endocrine glands

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22
Q

What are the main gases in plasma?

A

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen

23
Q

What are the waste products of metabolism?

A

Urea, uric acid, creatinine, ammonia

24
Q

What is the difference between serum and plasma?

A

Serum is plasma minus the plasma proteins and clotting factor

25
What is a stem cell also known as?
Hemocytoblast
26
What do stem cells form?
Lymphoid Stem Cells | Myeloid Stem Cells
27
What is the function of lymphoid stem cells?
To produce lymphocytes
28
What is the function of myeloid stem cells?
To produce all other blood cells
29
Define hematopoiesis
Blood cell formation
30
What is the first category of progenitor cells? | List their precursors
- Myeloid Progenitor Cells | - Precursor for WBC's, RBC's, and platelets
31
What is the second category of progenitor cells? | List their precursors
- Lymphoid Progenitor Cells | - Precursor for only lymphocytes and NK cells
32
What is the percent of RBC's in the blood?
99%
33
What is the shape of RBC's
Biconcave discs
34
How long can RBC's live?
120 days
35
When do blood cells start to form?
In the embryo stage
36
Do mature RBC's have a nucleus?
No
37
What are reticulocytes?
Immature red blood cells
38
Define anemia
a condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells
39
Define polycythemia
presence of an abnormally large number of erythrocytes
40
Define anisocytosis
red blood cells have variation in size
41
Define poikilocytosis
an increase in abnormal RBC's of any shape
42
Define phagocytosis
the ingestion of bacteria
43
Define ameboid movement
a crawling-like type of movement in which cell forms "false feet"
44
Define hemolysis
destruction of RBC's
45
define hemostasis
stoppage of blood
46
define hematopoiesis
blood cell formation
47
define erythropoiesis
RBC production
48
define rouleaux
a group of RBC's that are stuck together
49
what is sickle cell anemia?
a genetic disorder caused by abnormal "Hgb S"
50
What happens to red blood cells if someone has Thalassemia?
they appear microcytic and hypochromic
51
What hematology tests require green tubes?
G-6-PD, Osmotic Fragility
52
What do hemoglobin do?
They carry and transport oxygen molecules to the cells and tissues
53
What is hematocrit?
The percentage or volume RBC in whole blood after centrifuging
54
What do you use to count blood cells?
Coulter counter

Hematology (3 decks)

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