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Hematology > Hematology Fundamentals > Flashcards

Hematology Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

Define hematology

A

The study of blood

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2
Q

What is the blood volume in adults?

A

5-6 liters

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3
Q

What is the pH of blood?

A

7.35-7.45 - SLIGHTLY ALKALINE

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4
Q

What are the functions of the blood?

A
  • Transporting nutrients
  • Removing metabolic waste products
  • Providing protection from foreign particles
  • Forming blood clots
  • Regulating temperature
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5
Q

Blood consists of what 2 components?

A

Plasma and cells

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6
Q

What percentage of plasma is water?

A

90%

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7
Q

If 90% of plasma is water, what is the other 10%?

A

Dissolved solutes

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8
Q

What is plasma’s main function?

A

To help distribute heat evenly throughout the body

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9
Q

List plasma components

A
  • Nutrients
  • Plasma Proteins
  • Amino Acids
  • Fat
  • Lipoprotein
  • Minerals & Electrolytes
  • Hormones
  • Gases
  • Waste products of metabolism
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10
Q

What is albumin and what is the percentage of protein in plasma?

A
  • Most abundant protein made by the liver

- 60%

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11
Q

What is albumin’s main function?

A

It maintains blood volume and blood pressure

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12
Q

What are globulins and what is the percentage of protein in plasma?

A
  • antibodies that fight against disease

- 40%

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13
Q

What is another function of globulin?

A

It carries protein and lipids

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14
Q

What is the A/G ratio?

A

60/40

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15
Q

What is fibrinogen?

What’s its main function?

A
  • The least abundant plasma protein

- It aids in the clotting of blood

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16
Q

What do nutrients in plasma consist of?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins

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17
Q

What do amino acids do?

A

They come from proteins that are broken down by our digestive system

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18
Q

What does fat in plasma do?

A

It circulates fatty acids, carried by albumin, and it’s the main source of energy

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19
Q

What do lipoproteins in plasma consist of?

A

HDL - good cholesterol

LDL - bad cholesterol

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20
Q

What are the minerals and electrolytes in plasma?

A

sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, iron, iodine

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21
Q

What are hormones?

A

They’re chemical messengers secreted directly into the blood by endocrine glands

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22
Q

What are the main gases in plasma?

A

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen

23
Q

What are the waste products of metabolism?

A

Urea, uric acid, creatinine, ammonia

24
Q

What is the difference between serum and plasma?

A

Serum is plasma minus the plasma proteins and clotting factor

25
Q

What is a stem cell also known as?

A

Hemocytoblast

26
Q

What do stem cells form?

A

Lymphoid Stem Cells

Myeloid Stem Cells

27
Q

What is the function of lymphoid stem cells?

A

To produce lymphocytes

28
Q

What is the function of myeloid stem cells?

A

To produce all other blood cells

29
Q

Define hematopoiesis

A

Blood cell formation

30
Q

What is the first category of progenitor cells?

List their precursors

A
  • Myeloid Progenitor Cells

- Precursor for WBC’s, RBC’s, and platelets

31
Q

What is the second category of progenitor cells?

List their precursors

A
  • Lymphoid Progenitor Cells

- Precursor for only lymphocytes and NK cells

32
Q

What is the percent of RBC’s in the blood?

A

99%

33
Q

What is the shape of RBC’s

A

Biconcave discs

34
Q

How long can RBC’s live?

A

120 days

35
Q

When do blood cells start to form?

A

In the embryo stage

36
Q

Do mature RBC’s have a nucleus?

A

No

37
Q

What are reticulocytes?

A

Immature red blood cells

38
Q

Define anemia

A

a condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells

39
Q

Define polycythemia

A

presence of an abnormally large number of erythrocytes

40
Q

Define anisocytosis

A

red blood cells have variation in size

41
Q

Define poikilocytosis

A

an increase in abnormal RBC’s of any shape

42
Q

Define phagocytosis

A

the ingestion of bacteria

43
Q

Define ameboid movement

A

a crawling-like type of movement in which cell forms “false feet”

44
Q

Define hemolysis

A

destruction of RBC’s

45
Q

define hemostasis

A

stoppage of blood

46
Q

define hematopoiesis

A

blood cell formation

47
Q

define erythropoiesis

A

RBC production

48
Q

define rouleaux

A

a group of RBC’s that are stuck together

49
Q

what is sickle cell anemia?

A

a genetic disorder caused by abnormal “Hgb S”

50
Q

What happens to red blood cells if someone has Thalassemia?

A

they appear microcytic and hypochromic

51
Q

What hematology tests require green tubes?

A

G-6-PD, Osmotic Fragility

52
Q

What do hemoglobin do?

A

They carry and transport oxygen molecules to the cells and tissues

53
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

The percentage or volume RBC in whole blood after centrifuging

54
Q

What do you use to count blood cells?

A

Coulter counter

Hematology (3 decks)

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