Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

FMS II > Hematology Exam > Flashcards

Hematology Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Regulates the passage of water and solutes through the capillaries; molecules are large and do not diffuse freely through the vascular endothelium

A

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What regulates the passage of water & solutes into the surrounding tissues?

A

Critical Colloid Osmotic Pressure (Oncotic pressure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pressures are reversed - oncotic pressure > intravascular or hydrostatic pressure

A

Water & solutes move from tissue cells into the venous portions of the capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Causes of reduced oncotic pressure leading to excessive movement of fluid and solutes into the tissue and decreased blood volume

A

Decreased production of albumin (Cirrhosis, other diffuse liver diseases, protein malnutrition)
Excessive loss of albumin (certain kidney diseases, extensive burns)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Consists of specialized endothelial cells in the bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes

A

Mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) aka the reticuloendothelial system (RES)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Specialized endothelial cells in the bone marrow

A

Promocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Specialized endothelial cells in the peripheral blood

A

Monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Specialized endothelial cells residing in the tissues

A

Macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Rid the body of debris, old, injured, and abnormal blood cells

A

Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Functions of the Spleen (5)

A
  1. Site of fetal hematopoiesis
  2. Filters blood-borne antigens & and cleanses the blood through the action of mononuclear phagocytes
  3. Initiates immune responses to blood-borne microorganisms (particularly bacteria)
  4. Destroys aged erythrocytes
  5. Serves as a reservoir for blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Secondary effects of splenic absence from the body (5)

A
  1. Leukocytosis
  2. Circulating levels of iron decrease
  3. Decreased immune response to encapsulated bacteria, resulting in increased susceptibility to disseminated infections and sepsis
  4. Increase in morphologically defective blood cells in the circulation, as well as senescent platelets
  5. Thrombocytosis and thrombosis for up to 6mos after splenectomy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Progenitors of all hematologic cells

A

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Stromal cells that have a role in maintaining HSCs; are able to differentiate into a variety of cells including, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes

A

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give rise to proerythroblasts

A

Erythroid Progenitor Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Produce cells of the erythroid series (erythrocytes) - differentiates through several intermediate forms of erythroblasts

A

Proerythroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nucleated cell occurring in red marrow as a stage or stages in the development of the RBC, or erythrocyte

A

Erythroblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Smallest of the nucleated erythrocyte precursors

A

Normoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Last immature form of the erythroblast; matures into an erythrocyte within 24-48 hours

A

Reticulocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Reticulocytes remain in the marrow approximately _______ and are released into the ________ ________ and continue to mature in the bloodstream

A

1 day; venous sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Useful clinical index of erythropoietic activity and indicates whether new red cells are being produced

A

Reticulocyte Count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Final and mature product of erythropoiesis

A

Erythrocyte (RBC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Stimulates the release of erythropoietin - primarily from the kidney, but also the liver

A

Hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The normal reticulocyte count is _____% of the total RBC count?

A

1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Increased levels of circulating ____________ cause a compensatory increase in proliferation and differentiation of proerythroblasts in the bone marrow

A

Erythropoietin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Which organ detects normal blood oxygen levels and causes diminished EPO production through a negative feedback system?
Kidney
26
Role of Vitamin B12
synthesis of DNA, maturation of erythrocytes, facilitator of folate metabolism
27
Role of folic acid/folate
synthesis of DNA and RNA; maturation of erythrocytes
28
Which vitamins are responsible for heme synthesis?
Vitamin B6 and Iron
29
Necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12
Intrinsic Factor
30
How much iron is required daily for erythropoiesis? How much is dietary?
25mg / day; 1-2 mg is dietary and the remainder is obtained from iron recycling of erythrocytes
31
How much iron in the body is bound to heme in erythrocytes and muscle cells?
67%
32
How much of total body iron is stored in mononuclear phagocytes and hepatic parenchymal cells?
Approx 30%
33
Iron is stored in hepatic parenchymal cells as ______ or _______
ferritin or hemosiderin
34
How is the remaining 3% of iron lost?
Expelling urine, sweat, or bile; sloughing epithelial cells from the skin and intestinal mucosa; minor bleeding
35
Effectiveness of clotting factors (except factors VII and VIII), effectiveness of intrinsic pathway of coagulation cascade; measured in seconds in a test tube
Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
36
Effectiveness of activity of prothrombin, fibrinogen, and factors V, VII, and X; effectiveness of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors of the extrinsic and common pathways of the coagulation cascade; measured in seconds in a test tube
Prothrombin Time (PT)
37
A reduction in the total circulating red cell mass OR a decrease in the quality or quantity of hemoglobin
Anemia
38
Decreased plasma volume from dehydration with a normal RBC mass may indicate __________ or _____________
Relative polycythemia or abnormally elevated red cell count because of hemoconcentration
39
Severe dehydration can correlate with increased ________ and ________ levels
hematocrit and hemoglobin
40
Anemias commonly result from (4)
1. Blood loss (acute or chronic) 2. Impaired erythrocyte production 3. Increased erythrocyte destruction (hemolysis) 4. A combination of these factors
41
MCV < 80 signifies
Microcytic anemia (small RBC size)
42
MCV > 80 signifies
Macrocytic anemia (large RBC size)
43
Normal MCV is
80-100
44
Anemia present with a normal RBC size would be called
Normocytic anemia
45
Normal hemoglobin concentration in RBC is called
Normochromic
46
Low concentration of hemoglobin in the RBC is called
Hypochromic
47
many different RBC sizes present
Anisocytosis
48
many different RBC shapes present
Poikilocytosis
49
Caused by disorders of hemoglobin synthesis, particularly iron deficiency
Microcytic-hypochromic anemias
50
Commonly arise from abnormalities that hinder the maturation of erythroid precursors in the bone marrow
Macrocytic anemias
51
A type of megaloblastic anemia (cells are challenged to make DNA; RNA production proceeds normally)
Pernicious Anemia
52
Caused by the body's inability to use B12 - usually because of impaired production of Intrinsic Factor. B12 is needed for RBC maturation and would cause a macrocytic anemia. Because heme synthesis isn't affected, it is normochromic
Pernicious Anemia
53
Causes of B12 deficiency
Decreased dietary intake; impaired absorption
54
Leads to decreased hemoglobin production and therefore, microcytic hypochromic anemia
Iron Deficiency
55
Causes of Iron Deficiency (4)
1. Dietary 2. Impaired absorption 3. Increased requirement 4. Chronic blood loss
56
Leads to a macrocytic, normochromic anemia
Folate Deficiency
57
Causes of Folate Deficiency
Decreased dietary intake or impaired hepatic storage
58
Hematopoietic failure or bone marrow aplasia characterized by reduction in the effective production of mature cells by the bone marrow
Aplastic Anemia
59
The result of aplastic anemia - ALL blood lines are diminished: RBC, WBC, and Platelets
Pancytopenia
60
Premature release of immature white cells; refers to the microscopic detection of disproportionate numbers of immature leukocytes in peripheral blood smears
Left shift/leukemoid reaction
61
phenomenon seen in the blood smear of individuals with leukemia
Left shift/leukemoid reaction
62
clonal malignant disorder of leukocytes in the bone marrow and usually, but not always, of the blood
Leukemia
63
What is a common feature of leukemia?
Uncontrolled proliferation of malignant leukocytes, causing an overcrowding of bone marrow and decreased production and function of normal hematopoietic cells
64
Group of neoplasms that develop from the proliferation of malignant lymphocytes in the lymphoid system
Lymphoma

FMS II (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions