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Hematology > Hematology Day 1 > Flashcards

Hematology Day 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Hematology Definition

A

The study or science of blood

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2
Q

What is the total volume of blood in an adult?

A

6 Liters or 7-8% of body weight

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3
Q

What is the composition of blood?

A 
Formed Elements (45%)- RBCs, WBCs, platelets
Remaining (55%)- plasma (water, proteins, vitamins, carbs, salts, enzymes, lipids)
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4
Q

What is the major functions of erythrocytes and what is their life span? Percent hemoglobin?

A

Transport oxygen to tissues and collect carbon dioxide from tissues to be exhaled.
Life span 120 days.
34%

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5
Q

5 types of leukocytes

A

neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils

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6
Q

What’s the major function of monocytes?

A

provide immunity and defense against infection

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7
Q

Platelets are also called? Which are fragments of ?

A

thrombocytes; megakaryocytes

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8
Q

what is the life span of platelets?

A

10 days

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9
Q

What are the different “pumps” of the heart and to what organ does the “pump” send blood to?

A

Right side- pumps to lungs

Left side- pumps to peripheral organs

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10
Q

What heart chamber, supplies the main force that propels the blood through either the pulmonary or peripheral circulation?

A

Ventricle

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of blood vessels?

A

arteries, capillaries, and veins

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12
Q

What part of the blood vessel, collects blood from the capillaries?

A

Venules

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13
Q

List the two types of circulation

A

pulmonary and systemic

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14
Q

List the two subtypes of circulation

A

coronary circulation and portal circulation

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15
Q

What are some of the important functions of blood in the human body?

A
  1. Respiration of blood
  2. Transport of Nutrients
  3. Excretory
  4. Hemostasis (stopping of blood flow)
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16
Q

List two types of respiration

A

External and internal

17
Q

what type of respiration involves exchanges of the following gases: Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor?

A

External

18
Q

What type of respiration involves exchanges of gas between the blood and tissue cells?

A

internal

19
Q

What is Hematopoiesis?

A

blood cell production

20
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur before and after birth?

A

Before- liver, spleen, and bone marrow (4 months total)

After- bone marrow

21
Q

What abnormal effect does aplastic anemia and leukemia have on the bone marrow, as far as production of blood cells are concerned?

A

aplastic anemia-bone marrow becomes totally suppressed and cease to function
leukemia-increased marrow activity of 1 particular cell type @ least

22
Q

What happens to the heme portion (with and w/o the iron) of RBC’s after their destruction?

A

heme w/ iron-iron returned to the iron pool

heme w/o iron- is a waste product and eventually converted to bilirubin and excreted

23
Q

What is the lymphocytes role in the body’s primary defense against infection?

A

antibody production- B lymphs??

24
Q

According to NCCLS, what 7 items are included in a CBC?

A

Hgb, Hct, RBC count, WBC count, RBC morphology, WBC differential, platelet estimate

25
Q

Why is EDTA the preferred anticoagulant for hematological studies?

A

Prevents coagulation by bind calcium.
Preserves cellular elements morphology.
Stable up to 24 hrs @ 4 degrees C

26
Q

What are some causes for sample rejection for hematological analysis and why?

A

hemolysis- lysing of RBCs falsely decreases RBC count

clots- Falsely decreases CBC values b/c elements are absorbed into the clot

27
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

all fluid and cellular elements are in a constant state of exchange that leads to an equilibrium

28
Q

What’s osmotic pressure?

A

the passage of a solvent through a membrane from a dilute solution into a more concentrated solution, the difference between concentrations on either side of a membrane

29
Q

Explain the differences between the concentration of diluent and the RBC in a HYPOTONIC solution

A

The diluent is dilute, the RBC is concentrated so the diluent is compelled to flow into the RBC

30
Q

Explain the morphology of RBCs in a HYPERTONIC solution

A

RBCs shrink and become crenated from loss of liquid b/c liquid flows from RBC into outside solution

31
Q

What can the spleen produce? What does it do?

A

RBCs, monocytes, and lymphs. Filters and stores blood in large quantities to discharge as needed

32
Q

Normal hematopoiesis in adults is almost entirely in what?

A

Bone marrow

33
Q

What organ can develop hemopoietic activity again in abnormal conditions?

A

the liver

Hematology (2 decks)

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