Hematology causes CC Flashcards
1
Q
Drug-induced pancytopenia
A
- Cytotoxics
- Antibiotics: trimethoprim, sulphonamides, chloramphenicol
- Anti-rheumatoid: gold, penicillamine
- Anti thyroid: carbimazole: causes both agranulocytosis and pancytopenia
- Anti-epileptics: carbamazepine, phenytoin
- Anti diabetic: sulphonylureas: tolbutamide
2
Q
Severe thrombocytopenia
A
- ITP
- DIC
- TTP
- Hematological malignancy
3
Q
Moderate thrombocytopenia
A
- Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
- Drug-induced (e.g. quinine, thiazides, diuretics, sulphonamides, aspirin,)
- Alcohol, liver disease
- Hypersplenism
- Viral infection (EBV, HIV, hepatitis)
- Pregnancy
- SLE/antiphospholipid syndrome
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
4
Q
Drugs that can cause thrombocytopenia
A
- Quinine
- Abciximab
- NSAIDS
- Diuretics: furosemide
- Antibiotics: penicillins, sulphonamides, rifampicin
- Anticonvulsants: carbamazepine, valproate
- Heparin
- Linezolid
5
Q
Anticoagulation medications used in HIT
A
- Argatroban (no renal adjustment)
- Bivalirudin, or
- Fondaparinux.
6
Q
TTP
A
- Post-infection e.g. urinary, gastrointestinal
- Pregnancy
- Tumours
- SLE, HIV
- Drugs: ciclosporin, oral contraceptive pill, penicillin, acyclovir, clopidogrel, ticlopidine
8
Q
Causes of immediate posttransplant cardiogenic shock
A
- Primary graft dysfunction (PGD)
- Exacerbation of pulmonary hypertension,
- Cardiac tamponade, and
- Hyperacute rejection (B cells)
9
Q
Causes of drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy (DITMA)
A
Immune-mediated DITMA:
- quinine,
- trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim),
- quetiapine.
Toxin-mediated DITMA:
- cancer chemotherapeutic agents,
- immunosuppressants (calcineurin inhibitors)
- recreational drugs of abuse.
10
Q
Radiosensitive tumors
A
- lymphoma
- myeloma
11
Q
Radioresistant tumors
A
- non–small-cell lung cancer
- renal
- thyroid
- gastrointestinal cancers
- sarcoma
- melanoma
12
Q
DOACs that require IV anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin or LMWH prior to initiation
A
- Edoxaban
- Dabigatran
