hematology- blood plasma Flashcards
What is the percentage of plasma and rbcs in the total blood volume?
plasma = 55%
rbc (hematocrit) = 45%
What does plasma consist of?
- amino acids
- nitrogenous waste
- electrolytes / ions
- gases
- amino acids
- nutrients
- proteins(albumin, fibrinogen, globulins)
What are the formed elements of whole blood?
- platelets
- erythrocytes
- leukocytes
(granulocytes: neutrophils, basophils, esinophils)
(agranulocytes: lymphocytes, monocytes)
What is the normal value of sodium (Na+)?
135-145 meq/L
What is the normal value of potassium (K+)?
3.5-5.0 meq/L
What is the normal value of chloride (Cl-)?
98-107 meq/L
What is the normal value of Bicarbonate (HCO3-)?
22-26 meq/L
What is the normal value of calcium (Ca2+)?
8.5-10.5 mg/dL
What is the normal value of phosphorus?
2.5-4.5 mg/dL
What is the normal value of magnesium (Mg2+)?
1.8-3.0 mg/dL
What is the normal value of osmolality?
285-295 mosm/kg
what is albumin and where is it produced?
- polypeptide chain and most abundant protein (60%) in the blood plasma
- produced in the liver and it exerts about (50%) oncotic pressure
- since it represents 50% of the secreted protein from liver, it can be used as a liver function test.
- its half-life is 20 days, which helps in keeping a steady oncotic pressure
What is the function of transferrin protein?
-holds on to iron and transfers it through blood
What does fibrinogen do?
- blood clotting
What does alpha 1 antitrypsin do?
- Alpha 1 antitrypsin is produced by the liver and it neutralizes infection-fighting agents released by our immune system, therefore protecting our body tissues from our own immune system.
What is the function of ceruloplasmin protein?
- transfer copper by binding to copper so the charged metal doesn’t react/cause damage to the phospholipid bi-layer
What is the function of haptoglobin?
- binds to hemoglobin to prevent it from traveling to kidney and causing any damage because lone hemoglobin can be toxic to kidney
What is the order of plasma proteins from most positive to least positive on the gel electrophoresis?
- Albumin (most positive, huge wave, darkest mark)
- Alpha 1 (second, small, globulin, antitrypsin)
- Alpha 2 (third, small, globulin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin)
- Beta (fourth, small, globulin, transferrin, plasminogen)
- Gamma (least positive, more negative, globulin, antibodies)
What is hypoalbuminemia and albuminuria?
- Hypo-albuminemia: lowered plasma albumin conditions associated: malnutrition, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis of liver
- Albuminuria: albumin is excreted into urine
conditions associated: bladder infection/inflammation, nephrotic syndrome
What is the function of plasmin?
- enzyme that breaks down fibrinogen (any blood clots)
What immunoglobulin is produced when new pathogen is encountered?
IgM
What is the difference between plasma and serum?
- plasma: contains anticoagulants, fibrinogen present, less stable for longer storage
- serum: no anticoagulants, no fibrinogen since blood is clotted before spinning, more stable and considered gold standard for biobanking
