Hematology and Oncology Flashcards
List three potential causes of anemia.
Diet lacking in iron, folate, or vitamin B12; use of salicylates, thiazides, diuretics; exposure to toxic agents; such as lead or insecticides
Write two nursing diagnoses for the client suffering from anemia.
Activity intolerance and ineffective tissue perfusion
What is the only IV fluid compatible with blood products?
Normal saline
What actions should the nurse take if a hemolytic transfusion reaction occurs?
Turn off transfusion. Take temperature. Send blood being transfused to lab. Obtain urine sample. Keep vein patent with normal saline.
List three interventions for clients with a tendency to bleed.
Use a soft toothbrush, avoid salicylates, do not use suppositories.
Identify two sites that should be assessed for infection in immunosuppressed clients.
Oral cavity and genital area.
Name three food sources of vitamin B12.
Glandular meats (liver), milk, green leafy vegetables.
Describe care of invasive catheters and lines.
Use strict aseptic technique. Change dressings two or three times per week or when soiled. Use caution when piggybacking drugs; check purpose of line and drug to be infused. When possible, use lines to obtain blood samples to avoid “sticking” client.
List three safety precautions for the administration of antineoplastic chemotherapy.
Double-check order with another nurse. Check for blood return prior to administration to ensure that medication does not go into tissue. Use a new IV site daily for peripheral chemotherapy. Wear gloves when handling the drugs, and dispose of waste in special containers to avoid contact with toxic substances.
Describe the use of leucovorin (form of folic acid; helps prevent changes to DNA that may lead to cancer).
Leucovorin is used as an antidote (counteract) with methotrexate (a synthetic compound that interferes with cell growth and is used to treat leukemia and other forms of cancer) to prevent toxic reactions.
Describe the method of collecting the trough and peak blood levels of antibiotics.
Collection of trough: draw blood 30 minutes prior to administration of antibiotic.
Collection of peak: draw blood 30 minutes after administration of antibiotic.
List four nursing interventions for care of the client with Hodgkin disease (type of lymphoma).
Protect from infection. Observe for anemia. Encourage high-nutrient foods. Provide emotional support to client and family.
List four topics you would cover when teaching an immunosuppressed client about infection control.
Handwashing technique. Avoid infected persons. Avoid crowds. Maintain daily hygiene to prevent spread of microorganisms.
