Gastrointestinal System

Question 0

List three categories of medications used in the treatment of PUD.

Answer 0

• Antacids
• H2 receptor blockers
• Mucosal healing agents
• Proton pump inhibitors

Question 1

List four nursing interventions for the client with a histal hernia.

Answer 1

• Sit up while eating and for 1 hour after eating
• Eat frequent, small meals
• Eliminate foods that are problematic

Question 2

List the symptoms of upper and lower GI bleeding.

Answer 2

• Upper GI: melena, hematemesis, tarry stools
• Lower GI: bloody stools, tarry stools

*common to both=tarry stools

Question 3

What bowel sound disruptions occur with an intestinal obstruction?

Answer 3

• Early mechanical obstruction: high-pitched sounds

- Late mechanical obstruction: diminished or absent bowel sounds

Question 4

List four nursing interventions for postoperative care of a client with a colostomy.

Answer 4

1. Irrigate daily at same time
2. Use warm water for irrigations
3. Wash around stoma with mild soap and water after each ostomy bag change
4. Ensure that the pouch opening extends at least 1/4 inch around the stoma

Question 5

List the common clinical manifestations of jaundice.

Answer 5

Scleral icterus (yellow sclera), dark urine, chalky or clay-colored stools.

Question 6

What are the common food intolerances for clients with cholelithiasis?

Answer 6

Fried, spicy, and fatty foods.

Question 7

List five symptoms indicative of colon cancer.

Answer 7

1. Rectal bleeding
2. Change in bowel habits
3. Sense of incomplete evacuation
4. Abdominal pain with nausea
5. Weight loss

Question 8

In a client with cirrhosis, it is imperative to prevent further bleeding and observe for bleeding tendencies. List six relevant nursing interventions.

Answer 8

1. Avoid injections
2. Use small-bore needles for IV insertion
3. Maintain pressure for 5 minutes on all venipuncture sites
4. Use electric razor
5. Use soft-bristle toothbrush for mouth care
6. Check stools and emesis for occult blood

Question 9

What is the main side effect of lactulose, which is used to reduce ammonia levels in clients with cirrhosis?

Answer 9

Diarrhea

Question 10

List four groups who have a high risk for contracting hepatitis.

Answer 10

1. Homosexual males
2. IV drug users
3. Those who have had recent ear piercing or tattooing
4. Health care workers

Question 11

How should the nurse administer pancreatic enzymes?

Answer 11

Give with meals or snacks. Powder forms should be mixed with fruit juices.