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Hematology (Alice) Flashcards

1
Q

7 bleeding disorders to know

A

HIT
ITP
TTP
hemolytic uremic syndrome
hemohilia
DIC
VWD

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2
Q

meds that cause easy bruising (5)

A

nsaids - mc
steroids
antidepressants
abx
obviously anticoagulants/antiplatelets

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3
Q

3 nutrition related causes of easy bruising

A

protein malnutrition
vit c defic
vit k defic

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4
Q

X-linked bleeding disorders only affecting males (2)

A

factor VIII defic
factor IX defic

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5
Q

autosomal bleeding d.o affecting males and females equally

A

VWD

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6
Q

mc congenital d.o of hemostasis

A

VWD

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7
Q

what are the smallest bleeding lesions that suggest problems w. PLT number for fxn

A

petechiae

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8
Q

what do purpura make you think of (2)

A

thrombocytopenia
coagulation cascade d.o

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9
Q

palpable purpura make you think of

A

IgA vasculitis (henoch schoenline purpura)

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10
Q

purpura plus hypermobile joints

A

ehlers danlos

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11
Q

6 causes of post op bleeding

A

surgical bleeding
meds
inherited d.o
liver dz
renal dz
DIC

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12
Q

what do you think of when a pt has a hx of excessive bleeding after minor procedures or heavy menses

A

VWD

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13
Q

mc presentation of hemophilia

A

in childhood w. spontaneous hemarthrosis

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14
Q

why does renal failure cause easy bleeding

A

uremia inhibits PLT fxn

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15
Q

3 causes of DIC

A

severe sepsis
malignancy
childbirth complications

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16
Q

presentation of DIC (6)

A

bleeding and microthrombi
diffuse bleeding from wounds/surgical sites
hematemesis
digital cyanosis
renal insufficiency
stroke

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17
Q

young woman w. malar rash, arthritis, photosensitivity, renal/cardiac sx, fevers, malaise, and recurrent pregnancy loss, and elevated PTT

A

antiphospholipid syndrome (SLE)

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18
Q

young woman w. bleeding after mild surgical procedure or hx of excessive menses

A

VWD

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19
Q

mc anemia in the US

A

IDA

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20
Q

3 hallmarks of IDA

A

nail spooning
pica
glossitis

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21
Q

lab indicator that iron supplementation is working in a pt w. IDA

A

increasing reticulocytes means iron is working

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22
Q

basophilic stippling

A

lead poisoning

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23
Q

tx for lead poisoning

A

EDTA

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24
Q

dx for anemia of chronic dz requires

A

pesence of chronic infxn, inflammation, or ca

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25
lab findings of anemia of chronic dz
low EPO increased serum ferritin
26
tx for anemia of chronic dz
EPO tx underlying cause
27
AI destruction of gastric parietal cells -> lack of intrinsic factor
vit B12 deficiency
28
sx of B12 deficiency
loss of vibratory/fine touch
29
how does B12 affect homocysteine levels
increased homocysteine
30
hypersegmented neutrophils
B12 deficiency
31
6 rf for B12 deficiency
etoh vegetarian/vegan celiac ibd surgery parasites
32
what is the role of folate in anemia
it is a cofactor for DNA synthesis -> deficiency = anemia
33
6 causes of folate deficiency
malnutrition etoh/drugs pregnant SSA thalassemia crohn's/tropical sprue
34
how does folate deficiency presentation differ from B12 defic
no neuro sx w. folate defic
35
how does folate defic affect homocysteine
increased homocysteine
36
"macro ovalocytes and hypersegmented PMNs" is pathognomonic for
folate deficiency
37
4 hemolytic anemias to know
g6pd hereditary spherocytosis ssa thalassemia
38
hallmark lab finding of hemolytic anemia
increased reticulocytes
39
3 sx of hemolytic anemia
dark urine back pain jaundice
40
what type of bilirubin is increased w. hemolytic anemia
indirect
41
what happens to haptoglobin w. hemolytic anemia
decreased
42
peripheral smear findings of hemolytic anemia
microcytic, normochromic spherocytes
43
2 causes of g6pd deficiency
oxidative stress: infxn vs meds malaria
44
3 triggers for g6pd
fava beans antimalarials sulfonamides
45
3 sx of g6pd deficiency
jaundice LUQ pain splenomegaly
46
2 peripheral smear findings of g6pd defic
bite cells heinz bodies
47
inherited dysfxn or deficiency in one or both of the erythrocyte membrane proteins -> spherocytic erythrocytes are destroyed in the spleen -> hemolytic anemia
hereditary spherocytosis
48
tx for hereditary spherocytosis
splenectomy
49
complication of hereditary spherocytosis
hypoplastic crises following aute viral infxn
50
5 sx of hypoplastic crisis
profound anemia HA nausea pancytopenia pigmented gallstones
51
SSA is caused by a mutation in the _ gene
**beta globlin** -> changes 6th aa from glutamic acid to valine
52
6 triggers for SSA
infxn/fever excess exercise anxiety abrupt temp change hypoxia hypertonic dyes
53
4 complications of SSA
pulmonary htn ESRD hand/foot/mouth priaprism -> impotence
54
increased reticuloycites PLUS severe pain in a male AA
SSA
55
electrophoresis finding of SSA
Hgb S
56
howell jolly bodies on peripheral smear is pathognomonic for
SSA
57
tx for severe SSA sx
hydroxyurea
58
indicatons for hydroxyurea w. SSA
3+ crises/year
59
health maintenance for SSA (4)
-regular slit lamp exams -abx if splenectomy/prophylactic prior to procedures -vaccines early in life -vigorous hydration prior to exercise/temp changes/stress/infxn
60
abs bind to the patient's erythrocytes -> hemolysis
AI hemolytic anemia
61
2 types of AI hemolytic anemia
**warm - mc** cold
62
lab findings of AI hemolytic anemia
(+) direct coombs increased: reticulocytes, LDH, indirect bili decreased: haptoglobin
63
tx for AI hemolytic anemia (5)
rituximab steroids cyclophospamide cyclosporine IVIG
64
only two beta globin genes, but four alpha globin genes -> changes stability of Hgb -> hemolysis
thalassemia
65
tx for thalassemia
transfuse PRN iron/folate supplementation bone marrow transplant splenectomy

Surgery EOR (17 decks)

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