Hematology Flashcards
Plasma = ___ % of total blood volume
55%
Formed elements = ___% of blood volume
45%
Erythrocytes = ___% of blood volume
44%
WBCs and Platelets = ____% of blood volume
1%
Hematopoiesis
Cellular formation, proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of blood cells, tissues and organs responsible
What organs/tissues are responsible for hematopoiesis
spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow, liver, RES
hematopoiesis begins on the ____ day of gestation.
19th
Postnatally: erthrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes and platelets are produced in ___________________
bone marrow
Postnatally: lymphocytes are produced in what secondary lymph organs?
spleen, lymph nodes, intestinal lymphoid tissue, bone marrow, and thymus
__________ is the primary regulator for erythropoiesis,.
erythropoietin
Cell division takes __ to ___ days
3 to 5 days
Normal range for RBCs is between ____ and ____
4 to 6 mil/mm^3
Elevated RBC = ________
Decreased RBC = ________
Polycythemia
Anemia
Normal range for Hgb is between __ to ___
11 to 18 mg/dl
Hct
Hematacrit is the ratio of total RBCs volume in blood to blood volume 37% to 52%
Granulocyte types:(3)
neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
Nongranulocytes types:(2)
lymphocytes and monocytes
Neutrophil function
Eosinophil function
Basophil function
Neutrophil = phagocytic eosinophil = allergy, drug and parasite reaction basophil = hypersensitivity reaction
Lymphocyte function
Monocyte function
Lymphocyte = fight viral infection Monocyte = help neutrophils
If MCV elevated = ______
If MCV low = ______
high mcv = macrocytic
low mcv = microcytic
MCH high = ________
MCH low = _________
high mch = hyperchromic
low mch = hypochromic
define mch
average amount of total hgb
define mchc
average concentration % of hgb in single RBC
MCHC high = ________
MCHC low = _________
high mchc = hyperchromic
low mchc = hypochromic
RBC indices for microcytic/hypochromic
low MCV and MCH/MCHC
RBC indices for normocytic normochromic
normal MCV and MCH/MCHC
RBC indices for macrocytic normochromic/hyperchromic
high MCV and normal/high MCH/MCHC
Types/causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia (4)
IDA, ACD, thalassemia, chronic blood loss
Types/causes of macrocytic normochromic anemia
Vit. B12 deficiency, folci acid deficiency, alcoholism, liver disease
Normocytic normochromic anemia
Chronic blood loss, acute blood loss, hemolytic anemia(sickle cell), aplastic anemia
How much iron of the body is in the RBC line
2/3rds
______ is the most common cause of anemia world wide
IDA
IDA is usually caused by ______ in the _____
chronic blood loss in the GI tract
TIBC/Serum Iron/Serum ferritin for IDA
TIBC = high
Serum iron = low
Serum ferritin = low
TIBC/Serum Iron/Serum ferritin for ACD
TIBC = low
Serum iron = low
Serum ferritin = high
If anemia of chronic disease has abnormal results from a urinalysis it is relabeled as _____
anemia of renal disease = ARD
Thalassemia anemia is characterized by reduced synthesis of alpha/beta proteins for _________
hemoglobin
Thalassemia is a ________ type of anemia
microcytic hypochromic anemia
Thalassemia major (life threatening stage of disease) is AKA _________
Cooley’s Anemia
A skull radiograph with a hair on end appearance is associated with _________
thalassemia
TIBC/Serum Iron/Serum ferritin for thalassemia
TIBC/Serum Iron/Serum ferritin = all normal
If there is normal serum iron and normal TIBC for thalassemia what test should be performed to classify the thalassemia type
hemoglobin electrophoresis
If low iron serum and low TIBC a ________ test should be done to decide between ACD/ARD
UA
Of the macrocytic normochromic anemias what 2 types are megaloblastic and what 2 types are nonmegaloblastic
megaloblastic = B12 and B9 deficiencies nonmegaloblastic = alcholism and liver disease
B12 and B9 deficiencies in anemias cause an inhibition of ________ synthesis in ________ production
B12 and B9 inhibit DNA synthesis in RBC production
The MC cause of B12 deficiency is _______ which is called ______ anemia
intrinsic factor deficiency called pernicious anemia
What blood disease has an absolute increase in all cell types
Primary polycythemia
