Hematology Flashcards
Why is average water intake important?
Water intake maintains constant body temperature
Why does obesity decrease the percent of average water in body weight?
Fat is hydrophobic so it retains less water than lean tissue
Water turnover
Maintains water balance in the body
Majority of water we intake is from food or liquids we ingest. Water is lost through breathing, exercising, and production of waste.
Two main fluid compartments
- Intracellular (inside cells)
2. Extracellular (blood plasma, interstitial fluid)
Lymphatic system
Designed for movement of macromolecules paired with the circulatory system
Where is does interstitial fluid originate from?
Filtration from capillaries. Consists of same components as plasma except for large proteins that exists at lower levels
Why is [Ca] zero in intracellular compartments?
Because free Ca is stored until needed.
Why is total osmotic pressure higher for extracellular fluids (plasma)?
Because it allows solutes to move into the blood more readily
Cellular clefts
Channels for fluid and solutes between cells
Polarity, size, and permeability
Increased polarity and size decreases permeability of a substance
Major proteins of the plasma
- Albumin
- Globulin
- Fibrinogen
1>2>3
Albumin
Most abundant plasma protein, acts as non-specific protein carrier, provide colloid pressure in plasma
Globulin
Specific carrier proteins
Fibrinogen
Important for blood clotting, polymerizes into long fibrin threads during blood coagulation
Fluid movement out of capillary due to pressure from …
Capillary pressure and plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Fluid movement into capillary due to pressure from…
Interstitial fluid pressure and interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
When does colloid pressure increase?
When protein content increases
Why does net outward force of capillaries need to be greater than inward force?
To maintain constant filtration to interstitial compartments
Components of the interstitial compartment
- Collagen fibres
- Proteoglycan filaments entrap fluid to form a “gel”
- Small amount of free flowing water is stored and exchanged between small vesicles
Endema
Result of fluid buildup in the interstitial compartment
Importance of gel formation in the interstitial compartment
- Uniform distribution of fluid compartments
- Prevention of fluid accumulation due to gravity
- Maintain optimal intercellular distance (hold cells apart)
- Give shape to body parts
Lymphatic system
Accessory route for transport of fluid and macromolecules from interstitial space to veins.
Lymph
Fluid in lymphatic system, absorbed from surrounding tissue into tubes that lead to lymph nodes
Lymph nodes
Filter lymph to remove blood contaminants before drainage into the veins, allowing clean blood to flow back to the heart