Hematology 2 Flashcards
What is the most common cause of anemia?
A. Too little sleep
B. Too much sugar
C. Too little iron in the blood
D. Exposure to X-ray radiation
C
Which of these groups is the most likely to have anemia?
A. Men
B. Women
C. Teenagers
D. Older adults
B
A lack of which of these will result in abnormally large red blood cells and a condition called megaloblastic anemia?
A. Oxygen
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin B-12 and folic acid
D. Carbon dioxide
C
Which of these are signs of anemia?
A. Pale gums
B. Dark circles under the eyes
C. Bleeding
D. Numbness in hands and feet
A
Iron-deficiency anemia can cause pica, a rare condition in which a person craves eating nonfood items. Which of these would he or she eat?
A. Ice
B. Soil
C. Clay
D. Any of the above
D
A 40-year-old female says she feels tired all the time. On exam, you note that she is tachycardic and pale. You order a CBC, which shows the following: Hgb 10 g/dL (12-16), MCV 75 (80-100). Her reticulocyte count is not increased. Which of the following is most likely?
A. She has iron-deficiency anemia
B. She has megaloblastic anemia, probably due to folate deficiency
C. She has megaloblastic anemia, probably due to B12 deficiency
D. She has a hemolytic anemia
A
You order a DAT, which comes back positive for complement, but not IgG. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hereditary spherocytosis
B. Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia
C. Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia
D. Any of a number of non-immune causes of hemolysis
C
A 32-year-old female presents for a routine physical. Her CBC shows the following: Hgb 9 g/dL(12-16), MCV 72 (80-100), RBC 6.4 (4.5-6.0), RDW 12.8% (12-13.5). What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Iron-deficiency anemia
B. Thalassemia
C. Megaloblastic anemia
D. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
E. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
B
On a routine physical examination of an elderly male patient with no other medical problems, you note that his earlobes and fingertips are pale and slightly bluish. A CBC shows a hemoglobin of 10.6 g/dL (12 – 16) and an MCV of 88 (80 -100). Numerous red blood cell agglutinates are seen on the blood smear, made by smart technologists in your laboratory. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The antibody bound to the patient’s red blood cells in this disorder is probably IgG
B. Complement is probably bound to the patient’s red cells
C. The spleen is the main site of red cell destruction in this patient
D. A and C
E. A, B, and C
B
The first stage of iron deficiency is marked by which of the following?
A. Progressive depletion of bone marrow iron stores
B. Gradual decline in transferrin functioning
C. Slowing in iron elimination
D. Sharp decline in hematocrit levels
A
Select all the patients who are at MOST risk for iron-deficiency anemia:
A. 55 year old male who reports taking Ferrous Sulfate regularly.
B. A 25 year old female who was recently diagnosed with Celiac Disease.
C. A 35 year old female who is 36 weeks pregnant that reports craving ice.
D. A 67 year old female with a Hemoglobin level of 14.
B, C
A 25 year-old pregnant female and her partner both have sickle cell trait. What is the percentage that their offspring will develop sickle cell anemia?
A. 50%
B. 25%
C. 75%
D. 100%
B
Which diagnostic test does the nurse anticipate will be required for a client at risk for developing Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?A. CT scanB. Coagulation studiesC. Electrolyte panelD. X-rays
B
Disseminated intravascular coagulation is characterized by skin petechiae and a purpuric skin rash caused by spontaneous bleeding into the tissues. An abnormal coagulation phenomenon causes the condition. Heparin therapy is often used to interrupt the clotting process. Edema would suggest a fluid volume excess. Cyanosis would indicate decreased tissue oxygenation. Dyspnea on exertion would suggest respiratory problems, such as pulmonary edema. What is the earliest clinical manifestation in a client with acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
A. Severe shortness of breath.B. Bleeding without history or cause.C. Orthopnea.D. Hematuria
B
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events leading to blood clotting?
A. Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, coagulation
B. Platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, coagulation
C. Vasoconstriction, coagulation platelet aggregation
A
Which of the following conditions would produce a higher risk of blood clots?
A. Thrombocytosis
B. Leukopenia
C. Anemia
D. Hemophilia
A
Patients in whom a coagulation disorder is suspected require laboratory evaluation including prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT), CBC with platelet count, and peripheral blood smear. When a patient has a prolonged PT with normal platelets and PTT, which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Factor VII deficiency
Hemophilia A
Liver disease
Vitamin K deficiency
A) factor VII
Which is most accurate regarding the presentation of thrombocytopenia?
A. The presence of splenomegaly helps confirm the diagnosis of ITP
B. Thrombocytopenia related to myelodysplastic syndrome is more common among children than adults
C. Both acute and chronic alcohol consumption have been associated with the development of thrombocytopenia
D. Thrombocytopenia is more commonly associated with hepatitis virus infection (A, B, or C) than with upper respiratory infection or gastroenteritis
B
Even though ITP diagnosed during pregnancy does not worsen maternal outcomes, the infant’s risk of neonatal thrombocytopenia is increased markedly. True or false?
A. True
b. False
A
Which of the following is a concern with repeated use of prophylactic platelet transfusions?
Decline in natural platelet production
Increased risk of thrombosis
Development of platelet alloantibodies
Suppression of thrombopoeitin
C) development of platelet antibodies
Which of the following statements is/are TRUE regarding heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)?
A. HIT is more common in male patients compared to female patients
B. HIT more often involves arterial thrombosis than venous thrombosis
C. HIT occurs more often in surgical patients compared to medical patients
D. A and B
E. All of the above
D
Essential thrombocythemia is characterized by which of the following?
A. Increased platelet count
B. Megakaryocytic hyperplasia
C. Hemorrhagic or thrombotic tendency
D. All of the above
D
Development of type I hypersensitivity reaction requires (Select all that apply):
A. Presensitization with allergen
B. Production of allergen specific IgG
C. Allergen cross linked to allergen-specific IgE bound to mast cells/ basophils
D. Allergen-cross linked to IgG bound to macrophages
A, C
Hypersensitivity is an adaptive tissue response which occurs in an exaggerated or inappropriate form causing tissue damage.A. TrueB. False
A
