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Nursing Of Adults 1 > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

What is hematology?

A

The study of blood, blood-forming organs, and blood disorders.

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2
Q

True or False: Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells.

A

True

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3
Q

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

A

To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The liquid component of blood is called ______.

A

plasma

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5
Q

What are platelets primarily responsible for?

A

Blood clotting.

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6
Q

Which type of white blood cell is primarily involved in the immune response?

A

Lymphocytes

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7
Q

What is anemia?

A

A condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood.

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8
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a type of anemia? A) Iron-deficiency anemia B) Hemolytic anemia C) Aplastic anemia D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

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9
Q

What is the normal range of hemoglobin for adult males?

A

13.8 to 17.2 grams per deciliter.

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10
Q

True or False: Hemophilia is a disorder that affects the clotting ability of blood.

A

True

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11
Q

What is the role of erythropoietin?

A

To stimulate the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation in the ______ gene.

A

HBB

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13
Q

What is thrombocytopenia?

A

A condition characterized by abnormally low levels of platelets in the blood.

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14
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of white blood cell? A) Neutrophil B) Eosinophil C) Basophil D) Hemoglobin

A

D) Hemoglobin

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15
Q

What is the primary cause of iron-deficiency anemia?

A

Insufficient iron intake or absorption.

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16
Q

True or False: The spleen plays a role in filtering blood and recycling iron.

A

True

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17
Q

What is the function of plasma proteins?

A

To maintain oncotic pressure and transport substances in the blood.

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The most common inherited bleeding disorder is ______.

A

von Willebrand disease

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19
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

A condition characterized by an increase in the number of red blood cells.

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20
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following can lead to secondary polycythemia? A) Chronic hypoxia B) Dehydration C) Smoking D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

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21
Q

What is the term for the process of blood cell formation?

A

Hematopoiesis

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22
Q

True or False: Leukemia is a cancer of the lymphatic system.

A

False

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23
Q

What is the primary treatment for severe hemophilia?

A

Replacement therapy with clotting factor concentrates.

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and ______.

A

X

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25
Q

What is the role of neutrophils?

A

To fight infection by engulfing bacteria and fungi.

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26
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of aplastic anemia? A) Decreased red blood cell production B) Increased white blood cell levels C) High platelet counts D) None of the above

A

A) Decreased red blood cell production

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27
Q

What is the primary diagnostic test for anemia?

A

Complete blood count (CBC)

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28
Q

True or False: Hemoglobin A1c is a measure of average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months.

A

True

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29
Q

What is the main function of basophils?

A

To release histamine and play a role in allergic reactions.

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30
Q

Fill in the blank: The term ______ refers to the presence of an abnormally high number of white blood cells.

A

leukocytosis

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31
Q

What is the primary cause of thrombosis?

A

Abnormal blood flow, hypercoagulability, or vascular injury.

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32
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of thrombosis? A) Arterial thrombosis B) Venous thrombosis C) Pulmonary thrombosis D) Capillary thrombosis

A

C) Pulmonary thrombosis

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33
Q

What is the role of monocytes?

A

To differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells to respond to infections.

34
Q

True or False: Hemolytic anemia is caused by the destruction of red blood cells.

35
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary site of hematopoiesis in adults is the ______.

A

bone marrow

36
Q

What is the significance of reticulocyte count?

A

It indicates the bone marrow’s response to anemia.

37
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common symptom of anemia? A) Fatigue B) Jaundice C) Shortness of breath D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

38
Q

What is myelodysplastic syndrome?

A

A group of disorders caused by poorly formed or dysfunctional blood cells.

39
Q

True or False: Essential thrombocythemia is characterized by high platelet counts.

40
Q

What is the primary treatment for sickle cell disease?

A

Pain management and prevention of complications.

41
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of ______ in the blood can indicate a bacterial infection.

A

neutrophils

42
Q

What does the term ‘coagulopathy’ refer to?

A

A condition where the blood’s ability to coagulate is impaired.

43
Q

Multiple Choice: Which vitamin is crucial for red blood cell production? A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin B12 C) Vitamin C D) Vitamin D

A

B) Vitamin B12

44
Q

What is the role of the lymphatic system in hematology?

A

To transport lymph, filter pathogens, and contribute to immune responses.

45
Q

True or False: Blood type is determined by the presence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

46
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ test is used to evaluate the blood’s clotting ability.

47
Q

What is the main concern with a high white blood cell count?

A

It may indicate an underlying infection or hematological disorder.

48
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common treatment for anemia? A) Iron supplements B) Blood transfusions C) Erythropoietin injections D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

49
Q

What is the primary cause of vitamin B12 deficiency?

A

Malabsorption or lack of intrinsic factor.

50
Q

True or False: A complete blood count includes measurements of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

51
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ pathway is activated by tissue injury and is part of the coagulation cascade.

52
Q

What is the function of the bone marrow?

A

To produce blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

53
Q

Multiple Choice: Which condition is characterized by high levels of bilirubin? A) Hemolytic anemia B) Aplastic anemia C) Iron-deficiency anemia D) Sickle cell disease

A

A) Hemolytic anemia

54
Q

What is the difference between acute and chronic leukemia?

A

Acute leukemia progresses rapidly and requires immediate treatment, while chronic leukemia progresses more slowly.

55
Q

True or False: Blood transfusions can help treat severe anemia.

56
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary role of ______ is to transport oxygen in the blood.

A

hemoglobin

57
Q

What is the primary cause of autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

A

The immune system mistakenly attacks red blood cells.

58
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a symptom of thrombocytopenia? A) Easy bruising B) Excessive bleeding C) Increased energy D) Petechiae

A

C) Increased energy

59
Q

What is the significance of blood typing?

A

To ensure compatibility for blood transfusions and organ transplants.

60
Q

True or False: Apheresis is a procedure used to separate blood components.

61
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ test measures the time it takes for blood to clot.

62
Q

What is the role of the kidneys in hematology?

A

To produce erythropoietin and help regulate blood pressure and fluid balance.

63
Q

Multiple Choice: Which disorder is characterized by an overproduction of red blood cells? A) Polycythemia vera B) Sickle cell disease C) Thalassemia D) Aplastic anemia

A

A) Polycythemia vera

64
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A

To filter blood, recycle iron, and help fight infections.

65
Q

True or False: Leukopenia refers to a decreased white blood cell count.

66
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ system is responsible for transporting lymph and supporting immune functions.

67
Q

What is the main concern of a patient with thrombocytopenia?

A

Increased risk of bleeding.

68
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following can lead to vitamin K deficiency? A) Antibiotic use B) Liver disease C) Malabsorption D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

69
Q

What is the role of dendritic cells?

A

To process antigen material and present it on the cell surface to T cells.

70
Q

True or False: A high reticulocyte count indicates effective bone marrow function.

71
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ test evaluates the function of the intrinsic and common coagulation pathways.

72
Q

What is the primary function of fibrinogen?

A

To convert to fibrin and form a mesh that stabilizes blood clots.

73
Q

Multiple Choice: Which condition is associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis? A) Prolonged immobility B) Dehydration C) Cancer D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

74
Q

True or False: Hemoglobin F is the main form of hemoglobin present in adult humans.

75
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ test measures the level of platelets in the blood.

A

platelet count

76
Q

What is the condition characterized by excessive bleeding due to a lack of clotting factors?

A

Hemophilia

77
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common hereditary bleeding disorder? A) von Willebrand disease B) Iron-deficiency anemia C) Sickle cell disease D) Thalassemia

A

A) von Willebrand disease

78
Q

What is the primary function of plasma?

A

To transport blood cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.

79
Q

True or False: Chronic blood loss can lead to iron deficiency.

80
Q

What is the term for a reduced ability to form blood clots?

A

coagulopathy

81
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common treatment for thrombocytopenia? A) Platelet transfusion B) Iron supplements C) Vitamin K D) All of the above

A

A) Platelet transfusion

82
Q

What is the significance of the bone marrow biopsy?

A

To diagnose hematological disorders and assess bone marrow function.

Nursing Of Adults 1 (2 decks)

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