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PSBIM 2025 > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Diagnostic procedure to quickly distinguishing AML from ALL and for identifying subtypes of AML

A

Multiparametric flow cytometry

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2
Q

Most important prognostic information in cytogenetically normal AML (3)

A

NPM1 mutation
FLT3-ITD
biallelic CEBPA mutations

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3
Q

Poor prognostic indicator of AML

A

Advancing age

  • 1) survive induction therapy d/t coexisting medical comorbidities
  • 2) older = greater proportion have intrinsically more resistant disease
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4
Q

Poor outcome in AML (3)

A
  1. Hyperleukocytosis (>100000)
  2. Early CNS bleed
  3. Pulmonary leukostasis
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5
Q

Complete remission in AML (6)

A
  1. Neutrophil >/= 1,000mcL
  2. Plt count >/= 100,000mcL
  3. BM <5% blasts
  4. Neg circulating blasts
  5. Neg Auer rods
  6. Neg Extramedullary leukemia
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6
Q

What is the 7 and 3 regimen in AML?

A

Cytarabine and Anthracycline (Daunorubicin, Idarubicin)
> Cytarabine 100-200mg/m2 IV for 7 days
> Daunorubicin 60-90mg/m2 or Idarubicin (12mg/m2) IV on days 1, 2 and 3

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7
Q

It is a CD33-targeting immunoconjugate, added to induction therapy for subsets of patient, especially those with CBF AML

A

Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin

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8
Q

Treatment of patients with AML, >65 years, and those unable to receive intensive therapy due to comorbidities?

A
  1. Low intensity therapy with hypomethylating agent (HMA: Decitabine or Azacitidine), OR
  2. Low-dose cytarabine, in combination with daily venetoclax
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9
Q

What is used in monitoring APL?

A

RT PCR for PML-RARA

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10
Q

What is the Philadelphia chromosome?

A

t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2)

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11
Q

What TKI is effective against T315I?

A

Ponatinib

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12
Q

What is accelerated phase CML?

A
  1. Peripheral blasts >15%
  2. Peripheral blasts + promyelocyte >30%
  3. Peripheral basophils >20%
  4. Cytogenetic clonal evaluation: trisomy 8, double Ph, isochromosome 17, 17p deletions, 20q-, others
  5. Thrombocytopenia <100
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13
Q

Biopsy finding of CML

A

Marked hypercellularity with replacement of fat spaces, normal elements, and occasionally increased fibrosis

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14
Q

What disease causes accumulation of iron in mitochondria appears in necklace fashion around the nucleus of the erythroblast (ring sideroblasts)?

A

Myelodysplastic Syndrome

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15
Q

Indication to give parenteral iron

A
  1. Unable to tolerate oral iron
  2. Needs are relatively acute
  3. Need iron on an ongoing basis - persistent GI or menstrual loss
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16
Q

EPO requirement of patients with CKD

A

EPO 50-150U/kg 3x a week

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17
Q

EPO requirement of patients with cancer

A

EPO 300U/kg 3x a week

* Darbepoetin alfa → weekly or every other week dosing
* EPO mimetics (Roxadustat) → 50 mg PO thrice weekly
18
Q

What laboratory test reflects an inadequate iron supply to erythroid precursors to support hemoglobin synthesis?

A

Proporphyrin

* NV : <30mcg/dL
* IDA: >100mcg/dL

D/t increased in absolute or relative iron deficiency and lead poisoning

19
Q

Pretransfusion goal of Beta-thalassemia

A

9-10.5g/dL+ Oral iron chelation
Every 2- 4 weeks

20
Q

Three drivers of mutations in Polycythemia Vera Syndrome (3)

A
  1. JAK2
  2. CAL-R
  3. MPL
21
Q

Most frequent infectious cause of HA

A

Malaria

22
Q

Most frequent infectious cause of HA in non-malarial areas

A

Shiga toxic-producing E. coli O157:H7

23
Q

What is an acquired intracorpuscular defect type of hemolytic anemia?

A

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

24
Q

What is an inherited extracorpuscular factors that leads to hemolytic anemia?

A

Familial hemolytic-uremic syndrome

25
Q

What is the telltale sign if the hemolysis is intravascular?

A

Hemoglobinuria

26
Q

What is the only condition that will present as an increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC > 34)

A

Hereditary Spherocytosis

27
Q

What is the definitive treatment for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria for young patients?

A

Allogeneic bone marrow transplant

28
Q

Toxin-producing microorganism with lecithinase activity causing life-threatening intravascular hemolysis

A

Clostridium perfringens

29
Q

Severe disease in Aplastic Anemia

A

Any of the 2:
ANC < 500mcL
Platelets < 20,000
Corrected reticulocyte count <1% or absolute reticulocyte count <60,000

30
Q

Conditions associated with microcytic erythrocytosis (3)

A
  1. PV
  2. B-thalassemia
  3. Hypoxic erythrocytosis
31
Q

Independent prognostic factors in NHL

A

B2 micro globulin level and serum LDH

32
Q

Indications to do PET scan in NHL

A

Indolent lymphoma to an aggressive lymphoma is suspected
Differentiate treated vs active for CT of residual masses

Guideline:
> For HL and DLBCL
> FL: Used for prognosis - Residual PET-avid disease: Poorer prognosis
> Clinical trial
> End of tx scan:
* not be done before 3 weeks
* 6-8 weeks after CHEMO
* 8-12 weeks after RAD or CHEMORADIO

33
Q

Major regulator of platelet production

A

Thrombopoietin

Produced in the liver

34
Q

What can be given for patients with refractory ITP?

A

Rituximab

35
Q

Mainstay treatment of TTP

A

Plasma exchange

36
Q

Mainstay treatment for type 1 VWD

A

DDAVP

37
Q

A disorder where abnormal telangiectatic capillaries result in frequent bleeding episodes, primarily from the nose and gastrointestinal tract.

A

Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome

38
Q

Patients with this condition develop painful episodes of perifollicular skin bleeding as well as more systemic bleeding symptoms.

A

Vitamin C

Corkscrew hairs

39
Q

Vitamin K-dependent coagulation

A

1972, with Protein C and S

🔹 Factor II (Prothrombin)
🔹 Factor VII
🔹 Factor IX
🔹 Factor X

40
Q

Triad of PNH

A
  1. Intravascular hemolysis
  2. pancytopenia
  3. risk of VTE

PSBIM 2025 (9 decks)

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