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Vet Tech School Notes > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

What waste is carried from tissues to the kidneys?

A

CO2

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2
Q

How does blood regulate body temperature?

A

Moves heat from deep tissues to the surface to cool it down

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3
Q

What controls water balance?

A

Kidneys

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4
Q

What are the 4 components of blood?

A
  1. Plasma
  2. Erythrocytes (RBC)
  3. Leukocytes (WBC)
  4. Thrombocytes (platelets)
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5
Q

What makes up plasma?

A
  1. water (90%)
  2. plasma proteins
  3. serum
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6
Q

What is the function of plasma?

A

Bathes all cells in the body and protects them the external environment and stabilizes pH

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7
Q

What are the 2 plasma proteins?

A
  1. Albumin
  2. Globulin
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8
Q

Albumin

A
  • produced by the liver
  • keeps fluid inside the vascular system
  • important for binding and transporting through the body
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9
Q

What are the 3 different globulin proteins?

A
  1. Alpha and Beta
  2. Gamma
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10
Q

What do Alpha and Beta globulins do?

A
  • produced by liver
  • essential for blood clotting
  • used to transport stuff in the body
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11
Q

What do gamma globulins do?

A
  • produced by plasma cells and lymphocytes when antigens are present
  • immunity and resistance to disease
  • IgG
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12
Q

What is serum?

A

plasma without the clotting factors

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13
Q

What is hemoglobin made of?

A

1 protein globulin
4 non-protein heme

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14
Q

What is attached to one hemoglobin molecule?

A
  • 4 iron molecules (one per heme)
  • each iron molecule can carry one oxygen molecule
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15
Q

How is RBC production regulated?

A

Erythropoietin produced by the kidneys

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16
Q

How long is a RBC’s lifecycle?

A

90-120 days

17
Q

How is hemoglobin broken down in the body?

A
  • hemoglobin is released from old RBC and the heme and globin are broken down separately
18
Q

How is globin broken down?

A

recycled into amino acids to make new proteins

19
Q

How is heme broken down?

A
  • iron is removed
  • heme is broken down into biliverdin
  • biliverdin is broken down to bilirubin
20
Q

How is bilirubin removed from the body?

A
  • broken down into bilinogen and urobilinogen
  • bilinogen is expelled in feces
  • urobilinogen is expelled in urine
21
Q

What are Howell-Jolly bodies on RBC?

A

nuclear remnants

22
Q

What are Heinz bodies on RBC?

A

denatured hemoglobin

23
Q

What do Neutrophils do?

A
  • first line of defense against infection
  • can break down necrotic tissue
24
Q

What causes Neutrophilia?

A

acute infection

25
Q

What do Eosinophils do?

A
  • ingests products of antibodies and antigens
  • attracted to allergic or anaphylactic reactions
  • anti parasitic, phagocytic, bactericidal
26
Q

What do Basophils do?

A
  • releases histamine
  • causes inflammation and allergic reactions
    -releases heparin
27
Q

What do Lymphocytes do?

A
  • immunity
28
Q

What are antigens?

A
  • substance that elicits specific immune response when present in the body
  • has external protein flags
29
Q

What are antibodies?

A

specialized protein produced in response to an antigen

30
Q

What are the 5 classes of antibodies?

A
  • IgG and IgM
  • IgE
  • IgA
  • IgD
31
Q

IgG and IgM Antibodies

A

Immunity against bacteria and viruses

32
Q

IgE Antibodies

A

allergic responses

33
Q

IgA Antibodies

A
  • protects GI, urogenital, and respiratory tracts
34
Q

IgD Antibodies

A
  • present on the surface of some lymphocytes (b-lymphs)
  • initiate humoral immune response
35
Q

T-Lymphocytes

A
  • function in cell mediated immunity
  • does not secrete antibodies
36
Q

How do T-lymphs effect antigens?

A
  • have antigen receptors on surface
  • effective against cells that have antibodies on the cell surface
37
Q

B-Lymphocytes

A
  • humoral immunity
  • deals with antibodies in the blood, plasma, and lymph
38
Q

How to B-lymphs react to antigens?

A
  • antibody production and release into blood and lymph against various antigens

Vet Tech School Notes (2 decks)

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