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Vet Tech School Notes > Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine Glands

A
  • produces hormones
  • hormones enter blood stream directly
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2
Q

Exocrine Glands

A
  • does not produce hormones
  • produces substance that goes onto a body surface
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3
Q

What 4 types of hormones does the hypothalamus release?

A
  1. releasing hormones
  2. inhibiting hormones
  3. ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
  4. Oxytocin
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4
Q

Anterior Pituitary Gland

7 hormones

A
  1. Growth Hormone (GH)
  2. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
  3. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
  4. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
  5. Prolactin
  6. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
  7. Melanocyte
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5
Q

Posterior Pituitary Gland

2 hormones released

A
  1. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
  2. Oxytocin
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6
Q

Growth Hormone

A
  • growth of the body
  • insulin regulation
  • regulation of metabolism
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7
Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

A
  • thyroid gland growth
  • thyroid hormone release
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8
Q

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

A
  • Female: stimulates follicles of ovaries
  • Male: stimulates testis for sperm production
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9
Q

Luteinizing Hormone

A
  • causes follicle to rupture and expel the egg from the ovary
  • starts the production of progesterone
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10
Q

Prolactin

A
  • stimulates the production of milk in mammary tissue
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11
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

ACTH

A
  • adrenal glands
  • signal to adrenal glands to produce hormones
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12
Q

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone

MSH

A
  • cells that contain dark pigment
  • irideophores: color changing cells in reptiles
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13
Q

Pineal Gland

What does it do?
What does it produce?

A
  • responds to light
  • sleep/wake cycle
  • produciton of melatonin
  • production of serotonin
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14
Q

Thyroid Gland

What does it control?

A
  • body heat
  • body energy
  • heart rate
  • parts of the nervous system
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15
Q

What hormones does the thyroid gland produce?

A
  1. Thyroixine (T4)
  2. Triiodothyronine (T3)
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16
Q

Parathyroid Gland

Chief Cells
Parafollicular Cells

A
  • Chief Cells: produce parathyroid hormone to keep Ca levels from getting low
  • Parafollicular Cells: produces calcitonin to prevent calcium levels from getting high
17
Q

Hypercalcemia

What could it indicate?

A
  • osteoporosis
  • low vitamin D
  • lymphoma
  • pituitary gland tumors
  • anal sac tumors
18
Q

Pancreas

Functions

A
  1. digestive functions (99%)
  2. endocrine function (1-2%)
19
Q

Cells of the Pancreas

Make up the Islets of Langerhans (4)

A
  1. alpha
  2. beta
  3. delta
  4. f- cells
20
Q

Alpha Cells

Pancreas

A
  • produces glucagon
  • glucagon maintains blood glucose levels
21
Q

Beta Cells

Pancreas

A
  • produces insulin
22
Q

Delta Cells

Pancreas

A
  • produces somatostatin
  • tells alpha and beta cells to stop producing their hormones
23
Q

F Cells

Pancreas

A
  • somatostatin inhibitor
  • stops somatostatin production of the delta cells
24
Q

Adrenal Gland Structures

A
  1. Adrenal Cortex
  2. Adrenal Medulla
25
Q

Adrenal Gland Hormones

Zona Glomerulosa
Zona Fasciculata
Zona Reticularis

A
  • Z. Glomerulosa: mineralcorticoids and aldosterone
  • Z. Fasciculata: glucocorticoids, cortisol, hydrocortisone
  • Z. Reticularis: androgen: estrogen and testosterone
26
Q

Adrenal Medulla Hormones

A
  1. epinephrine
  2. norepinephrine
27
Q

Adrenal Gland Diseases

A
  • Cushings
  • Adisons
28
Q

Cushings

A
  • overproduction of steriods in the body
  • can cause hyperpigmentation and lateal hair loss
29
Q

Adisons

A
  • not enough steriods are being produced in the body
  • rapid, sudden onset
  • stops eating, not urinating
  • potassium levels are too high
30
Q

Thymus Gland

located caudal to thyoid

A

produces T-lymphocytes or T-cells

31
Q

Prostoglandins

PG-E
PG-F2-alpha

A
  • PG-E: helps stimulate inflammatory process
  • PG-F2-alpha: given to cattle to sync estrus cycles by lowering progesterone

Vet Tech School Notes (2 decks)

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