Hematology

Question 1

anemia is

Answer 1

a reduction in the
oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood

Question 2

is anemia a disease or a symptom complex

Answer 2

symptom complex

Question 3

Oxygen demand (hypoxia) serves as the
stimulus for

Answer 3

erythropoiesis (RBC
production).

Question 4

what causes anemia

Answer 4

genetic disorders that result in hemolysis

nutritional disorders that limit the production of RBCs

immune related disorders

bleeding disorders

infections, diseases of bone marrow

Question 5

types of anemia

Answer 5

Iron Deficiency
Folate Deficiency Anemia
Pernicious Anemia
Hemolytic Anemia
Sickle Cell Anemia
Aplastic Anemia

Question 6

Iron Deficiency

Answer 6

microcytic anemia that can be
caused by excessive blood loss,
poor iron intake, poor iron
absorption, or increased demand
for iron

Question 7

Folate Deficiency Anemia

Answer 7

Folate is needed for enzymatic reactions
required for the synthesis of purines and
pyrimidines of DNA and RNA and thus for the
synthesis of proteins

Question 8

Aplastic Anemia

Answer 8

Aplastic anemia occurs
when the bone marrow is
unable to produce
adequate numbers of
RBCs, white blood cells,
and platelets due to the
inability of the hematopoietic stem cells to proliferate,
differentiate, or give rise to
mature blood cells

Question 9

Sickle Cell Anemia

Answer 9

sickle cell trait is the heterozygous state in which
the affected person carries one gene for HbS

Question 10

Hemolytic Anemia

Answer 10

emolytic anemias consist of
sickle cell anemia, thalassemia and
glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

These anemias are caused by
diverse factors including immune
attack, extrinsic factors, disorders of the RBC membrane, enzymopathies, and hemoglobinopathies

Question 11

Pernicious anemia

Answer 11

Pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency
of intrinsic factor, a substance secreted by
the stomach parietal cells that is necessary
for absorption of vitamin B12 (cobalamin)

Question 12

the two most common types of sickle cell disorders are

Answer 12

sickle cell trait
sickle cell (disease) anemia

Question 12

lab findings of sickle cell

Answer 12

Anemia generally is defined as Hb level less than 12 g/dL for women and less than 13.5 g/dL for
men

Question 13

Thalassemias

Answer 13

Mutations affecting one or two genes result in a trait status

Question 14

an enzyme that enables the
RBC to convert carbohydrates into energy via the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway-pentose phosphate pathway

Answer 14

Glucose-6-Phosphate
Dehydrogenase Deficiency
(G6PD)

Question 15

Screening tests for Heinz bodies of NADH may be used to detect

Answer 15

G-6-PD deficiency

Question 16

How to manage anemia

Answer 16

iron = look for a source of bleeding

folate = administer folic acid

sickle cell = prophylactic penicillin for infants and antibiotics for early use

HLA

Question 17

Hemoglobin issues are associated with oro-mucosal lesions, such
as

Answer 17

burning tongue

glossitis

ulcers

plummer syndrome

candidiasis

angular cheilitis

Question 18

allergy is

Answer 18

an abnormal or hypersensitive response of the
immune system to a substance introduced into the body

Question 19

the most common cause of urticarial reactions in
adults

Answer 19

drugs

Question 20

the most common causes of
urticarial lesions in children

Answer 20

food and infection

Question 21

Several drugs used in dentistry and medicine can cause
allergic reactions