Hematology Flashcards
what are causes of anemia of chronic disease
inflammation, CKD, Cancer, RA, TB
what is the treatmetn of anemia of chronic disease
Erythropoietin 50-150 U/kg IV 3xweekly
treat the underlying disease
what is the only anemia where all three cell lines are decreased
aplastic anemia
what population is affected by folate deficiency
alcoholics
what causes hemolytic anemia
premature breakdown of RBCs
what is G6PD deficiency
after infxn or medication in African American male
what is seen with G6PD deficiency on lab tests
Heinz bodies and bite cells on smear
what is the most common anemia in the US
iron deficiency
what is the presentation of Iron deficiency anemia
decreased MCV, MCH, Ferritin
Increased TIBC
target cells, pica and nail spooning, SOB, weakness, headaches and tinnitus
what is the treatment of sickle cell anemia
Hydroxyurea
-vaccine: meningococcal, penumococcal, H.infleunzae, influenze
What is thalassemia
a family history of blood cell disorder, microcytic hypochromic, elevated iron
what are the types of thalassemias
beta thalassemia major
beta thalassemia trait
alpha thalassemia
what is the presentation of Vitamin B12 deficiency
smooth beefy, sore tongue. Neurologic symtpoms (poor balance, low proprioception)
a 8yo boy with hemophilia A with sponataneous bruising and nose bleeds. What type of factor deficiency is this?
Factor 8
a 7yo boy with hemophilia B with large right knee hemartosis is missing what factor
Factor 9
a 23 yo woman with vWB who develops bleeding complications - what is the treatment
first try DDAVP, then cryoprecipitate prn
a 67yo pt with liver failure and s/p fall in the OR for ex-lap; the pt develops progressive oozing; the PT and PTT are normalized; platelets 300,000; fibrinogen 49.7. what is the treatment
cryoprecipitate - provides fibrinogen
pt with liver failure and poor nutrition with elevated PT that is refractory to multiple transfusions of FPP what is the next treatment option
VItamin K
A 60-year-old man presents with a history of easy bruising and prolonged bleeding after minor cuts. He is scheduled for an elective hernia repair. His past medical history is significant for hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. He denies any family history of bleeding disorders. Laboratory tests reveal a normal platelet count, prolonged PT, and normal aPTT. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his bleeding tendency?
A Hemophilia A
B Vitamin K deficiency
C Von Willebrand disease
D Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
E Chronic liver disease
b. Vitamin K deficiency
Vitamin K deficiency leads to a decrease in the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, and X), resulting in a prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and normal activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). This deficiency can be caused by inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption, or the use of certain medications such as antibiotics or warfarin. Given the patient’s prolonged PT and normal aPTT, vitamin K deficiency is the most likely cause of his bleeding tendency.
