HEMATOLOGY Flashcards
Blood cell production, maturation, and death occur in organs of the
reticuloendothelial system (RES)
reticuloendo-thelial system (RES) includes:
bone marrow, spleen, liver, thymus, lymph nodes
Mesoblastic (yolk sac) phase begins at
19 days gestation
First cell to be produced
Primitive nucleated erythroblast
Embryonic hemoglobins includes:
Portland
Gower I
Gower II
Begins at 6 weeks gestation with production of mainly red blood cells, but also granulocytes, monocytes, and megakaryocytes.
Hepatic (Liver) Phase
Begins around the fifth month of gestation, with the bone marrow producing mainly granulocytes
Myeloid/Medullary phase
A normal ratio of M:E (myeloid:erythroid)
3:1or 4:1
Alpha- and gamma-globin chain production predominates at birth, forming
Hgb F
Myeloid/Medullary Phase hemoglobin present:
Hgb F
Hgb A(1)
Hgb A.2
In newborn, —- of bone marrow is active red marrow
80-90%
Young adult (age 20): — of bone marrow is active
60%
In young adult, hematopoiesis is confined to the proximal ends of large flat bone namely:
bones
pelvis
sternum
Older adult (age 55): percentage of active bone marrow
40%
Normocellular— Marrow percentage of hematopoietic cells
30-70%
Marrow has >70% hematopoietic cells.
Hypercellular/hyperplastic
Marrow has <30% hematopoietic cells
Hypocellular/hypoplastic
Marrow has few or no hematopoietic cells.
Aplastic
Differentiate into either B or T lymphocytes in response to cytokines/lymphokines/interleukins/ CSFs/growth factors
Lymphoid
Gives rise to the multipotential progenitor CFU-GEMM
Myeloid
Committed Progenitor Cell: CFU MEG
Growth Factors/ Interleukins: Thrombopoietin, GM-CSF
Mature cells:
Thrombocytes
Committed Progenitor Cell: CFU GM, CFU M
Growth Factors/ Interleukins: GM CSF, M-CSF, IL3
Mature cells:
Monocytes
Committed Progenitor Cell: CFU GM, CFU G
Growth Factors/ Interleukins: GM CSF, G CSF, IL3
Mature cells:
neutrophils
Committed Progenitor Cell: BFU E, CFU E
Growth Factors/ Interleukins: Erythropoietin, GM-CSF, IL-3
Mature cells:
Erythrocytes