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MED SURG > HEMATOLOGY > Flashcards

HEMATOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

The blood is made up of ______ and _______?

A

SOLID

LIQUID

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1
Q

What is the liquid part of the blood made up of?

A

FIBRINOGEN
ALBUMIN
CLOTTING FACTOR
ELECTROLYTES
IMMUNOGLOBULIN
NUTRIENTS AND WASTE

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2
Q

What is the solid part of the blood made up of?

A

RED BLOOD CELLS
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
PLATELETS

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3
Q

What is responsible for creating billions of red blood cells daily, along with white blood cells and platelets?

A

BONE MARROW

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4
Q

It is the process of creating a wide variety of blood and bone marrow cells, namely erythrocytes, platelets, granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes.

A

HEMATOPOIESIS

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5
Q

_______ _______ ________ contains blood stem cells that can become red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets.

A

RED BONE MARROW

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6
Q

________ ______ _______ is made mostly of fat and contains stem cells that can become cartilage, fat, or bone cells.

A

YELLOW BONE MARROW

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7
Q

There are two types of bone marrow: ___ and ______.

A

RED BONE MARROW

YELLOW BONE MARROW

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8
Q

Where is the bone marrow located in children?

A

IN ALL BONES.

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9
Q

Where is the bone marrow primarily located in adults?

A

IN THE PELVIS, STERNUM, RIBS, AND VERTEBRAE.

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10
Q

This is the response to conditions where bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells, leading to the production of blood cells outside the bone marrow, often occurring in organs like the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and lungs.

A

EXTRAMEDULLARY HEMATOPOIESIS

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11
Q

A component of blood that consists of cells descending from the monocytes which are able to perform phagocytosis of foreign materials and particles.

A

RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM (RES)

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12
Q

Immature red blood cells develop from myeloid stem cells in the bone marrow?

A

RETICULOCYTE

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13
Q

What do reticulocytes evolve into during maturation?

A

ERYTHROCYTES OR RED BLOOD CELLS.

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14
Q

What process does reticulocytes facilitate?

A

ERYTHROPOIESIS (RED BLOOD CELL FORMATION PROCESS.)

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15
Q

Approximately how long does it take for mature red blood cells to emerge after reticulocyte formation?

A

APPROXIMATELY TWO DAYS.

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16
Q

A large bone marrow cells originating from myeloid stem cells, are responsible for producing blood platelets essential for normal clotting processes.

A

MEGAKARYOCYTES

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17
Q

A subset of white blood cells comprising neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, originate from the myeloid lineage of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow.

A

GRANULOCYTES

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18
Q

Which types of white blood cells are included in the category of granulocytes?

A

NEUTROPHILS, EOSINOPHILS, AND BASOPHILS.

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19
Q

What is the function of granulocytes in the body?

A

MMUNE RESPONSE AND DEFENSE AGAINST INFECTION

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20
Q

Originating from myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow and subsequently released into the peripheral blood, constitute a vital component of the mononuclear phagocyte system, playing a pivotal role in immune responses.

A

MONOCYTES

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21
Q

This originates from lymphoid stem cells in the bone marrow, are integral to the immune system, undergoing differentiation stages to mature into B cells,

A

B LYMPHOCYTES

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22
Q

Where do mature B cells migrate to?

A

SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGANS SUCH AS THE SPLEEN AND LYMPH NODES.

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22
Q

This are white blood cells crucial for cell-mediated immunity, originating from lymphoid stem cells in the bone marrow and maturing in the thymus

A

T LYMPHOCYTES

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23
Q

The most reliable indicator of ANEMIA?

A

HEMOGLOBIN COUNT (Hgb)

24
Q

What is the normal value of Hemoglobin in Female?

A

12-16 mg/dl

25
Q

What is the normal value of Hemoglobin in Male?

A

13-18 mg/dl

26
Q

What is the most reliable indicator of polycythemia?

A

ERYTHROCYTE COUNT

27
Q

What is the normal value of erythrocyte in female?

A

4.2 - 5.4 million

28
Q

What is the normal value of erythrocyte in Male?

A

4.6 - 6.2 million

29
Q

The value of this lab test reflect the total number of immature RBC

A

RETICULOCYTE

30
Q

What is the normal value of RETICULOCYTE?

A

0.5% TO 1.5%

31
Q

This lab test reflect the total number of stored iron in the liver?

A

FERRITIN

32
Q

What is the normal value of FERRITIN in female?

A

12-250 mg/dl

33
Q

What is the normal value of FERRITIN in Male?

A

20-250 mg/dl

34
Q

This lab test reflects the total portion or percentage of RBC in the Blood?

A

HEMATOCRIT (Hct)

35
Q

What is the normal Value of Hematocrit in Female?

A

35% -47%

36
Q

What is the normal Value of Hematocrit in Male?

A

42% to 52%

37
Q

This Lab test reflects the RBC size?

A

MCV (MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME)

38
Q

What is the normal value of MCV?

A

81fl to 96fl

39
Q

This Lab test reflects the total number of Vitamin B12 in the blood?

A

VITAMIN B12

40
Q

What is the normal value of Vitamin B12?

A

200-900 pg/ml

41
Q

This lab test reflect the total number of Folic acid icid?

A

RED CELL FOLATE

42
Q

What is the normal value of Red Cell Folate?

A

GREATER THAN 140 ng/ml

43
Q

This lab test detects bone marrow abnormalities?

A

BONE MARROW ANALYSIS

44
Q

The most common hematologic disorder in the world?

It is characterized with decrease in Hemoglobin leading to decrease Oxygen carrying capacity?

A

ANEMIA

45
Q

What are the Sign and symptoms of ANEMIA?

A

FATIGUE
ACTIVITY INTOLERANCE
DIZZINESS
SYNCOPE

46
Q

What do you call the body’s process of making Red blood cells (erythrocyte)?

A

ERYTHROPOIESIS

47
Q

What are the components needed to crease an RBC?

A

FOLIC ACID
IRON (Fe)
VITAMIN B 12

48
Q

A hormone secreted by the kidneys, is released in response to low oxygen levels in the blood

A

ERYTHROPOIETIN

49
Q

Where is erythropoietin produced?

A

KIDNEYS

50
Q

What structural change occurs in the cell during erythropoiesis?

A

LOSS OF THE CELL NUCLEUS.

51
Q

How does erythropoietin act on the bone marrow?

A

STIMULATE THE PRODUCTION OF RED BLOOD CELLS

52
Q

The lifespan of an erythrocyte is approximately ___ days, after which it is removed from the circulation

A

120 DAYS

53
Q

It contains specialized macrophages that help in the breakdown of defective RBCs (hemolysis), recycling their components and eliminating any potentially harmful products.

A

SPLEEN

54
Q

A hematologic disorder that is characterized by a decrease in the production of red blood cells (RBCs) in the bone marrow, leading to a reduction in RBC count, hemoglobin levels, and reticulocyte count.

A

HYPOPROLIFERATIVE ANEMIA

55
Q

What are the types of anemia under the Hypoproliferative anemia?

A

ERYTHROPOIETIN DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
APLASTIC ANEMIA
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA

56
Q

A hematologic disorder that is characterized by the premature destruction of red blood cells, leading to a decrease in red blood cell count and hemoglobin levels, an increase in reticulocyte count, and elevated bilirubin levels.

A

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

57
Q

What are the types of anemia under the hemolytic anemia?

A

SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
THALASSEMIA
G6PD DEFICIENCY

58
Q
A

MED SURG (2 decks)

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