Hematology

Question 1

Hematopoiesis: Sites of Blood Cell Production

Answer 1

-First trimester: Yolk sac
-Second trimester: Liver, spleen
-Third trimester: Bone marrow
-Birth to 20: Tibia, Femur (Long Bones)
-Age 20: Vertebra, sternum, ribs (Axial Bones)

Question 2

Erythropoiesis: Process

Answer 2

Myeloid SC>Pro-EB>Basophilic EB>Polychromatic EB>Orthochromatic EB>Reticulocyte>Mature RBC

Question 3

Types of Hemoglobin

Answer 3

Hb F (alpha 2; gamma 2)-0.5%
Hb A (alpha 2; beta 2)-95-98% (Most Prevalent)
Hb A2 (alpha 2, delta 2)-1.5-2.5%

Question 4

Lifespan of an RBC

Answer 4

120 days

Question 5

Hemoglobin: Function

Answer 5

Respiratory protein of RBCs

Question 6

Hb: Reference Range

Answer 6

Women: 14.0g/dL (+/- 2)

Men: 16.0g/dL
(+/-2)

Question 7

Hematocrit: Reference Range

Answer 7

Women: 37-47%

Men:
40-54%

Question 8

Total RBC Count: Reference Range

Answer 8

Women: 3.5-5.5 million/mL
Men
4.3-5.9 million/mL

Question 9

MCV: Reference Range

Answer 9

80-100fL

Question 10

Earliest indicator of potential anemia

Answer 10

RDW

Question 11

RDW: Reference Range

Answer 11

11-15%

Question 12

WBC count: Reference Range

Answer 12

4,500-11,000/uL

Question 13

Neutrophils

Answer 13

50-70%

Question 14

Lymphocytes

Answer 14

20-40%

Question 15

Monocytes

Answer 15

2-10%

Question 16

Eosinophils

Answer 16

1-5%

Question 17

Eosinophilia Reasons

Answer 17

Allergy (6-10%)
Parasite (25-30%)

Question 18

Basophilia

Answer 18

Hypersensitivity Reaction, Myxedema, Myoproliferative Conditions (CML,PCV)

Question 19

Platelet Count

Answer 19

150,000-400,000
/uL

Question 20

Best for determining morphological type of anemia

Answer 20

Peripheral Blood Smear

Question 21

Causes of Macrocytosis (>100fL)

Answer 21

-B12/Folate Deficiency
-Liver Disease
-Alcoholism
-Myxedema
-Reticulocytosis

Question 22

Abnormality in RBC Color

Answer 22

-Hypochromasia: Decreased MCHC, enlarged central pallor
-Hyperchromasia: Increased MCHC, lack of central pallor
-Polychromasia (Multicolored; Usually blue and red)

Question 23

Reticulocyte Count

Answer 23

0.5-1.5%

Question 24

ESR: Reference Range

Answer 24

Males < 40:
1-15mm/hr
Women < 40:
1-20mm/hr
Calculation
-Males: Age/2
-Females: Age+10/2

Question 25

Variations in RBC shape

Answer 25

Poikilocytosis

Question 26

CRP vs. ESR

Answer 26

-CRP: No interference from anemia or serum protein changes/more sensitive response
-ESR: Chronic inflammatory conditions

Question 27

MC Type of hemoglobin

Answer 27

Hb A (alpha 2; beta 2)-95-98% (Most Prevalent)

Question 28

Carboxyhemoglobin

Answer 28

Bright Red
-Affinity to hemoglobin is 210x greater than for O2
-Increased in: Smokers, taxi drivers, garage workers

Question 29

Extravascular hemolysis accounts for ___ of reactions

Answer 29

90%

Question 30

C-Reactive Protein

Answer 30

-Acute phase reactant
-Virtually absent from serum of a healthy person
-One of the most sensitive acute phase reactants
-Begins 4-6 hours after onset of inflammation
-Half-life: 5-7 hours