Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Hematopoiesis: Sites of Blood Cell Production

A

-First trimester: Yolk sac
-Second trimester: Liver, spleen
-Third trimester: Bone marrow
-Birth to 20: Tibia, Femur (Long Bones)
-Age 20: Vertebra, sternum, ribs (Axial Bones)

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2
Q

Erythropoiesis: Process

A

Myeloid SC>Pro-EB>Basophilic EB>Polychromatic EB>Orthochromatic EB>Reticulocyte>Mature RBC

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3
Q

Types of Hemoglobin

A

Hb F (alpha 2; gamma 2)-0.5%
Hb A (alpha 2; beta 2)-95-98% (Most Prevalent)
Hb A2 (alpha 2, delta 2)-1.5-2.5%

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4
Q

Lifespan of an RBC

A

120 days

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5
Q

Hemoglobin: Function

A

Respiratory protein of RBCs

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6
Q

Hb: Reference Range

A

Women: 14.0g/dL (+/- 2)

Men: 16.0g/dL
(+/-2)

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7
Q

Hematocrit: Reference Range

A

Women: 37-47%

Men:
40-54%

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8
Q

Total RBC Count: Reference Range

A

Women: 3.5-5.5 million/mL
Men
4.3-5.9 million/mL

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9
Q

MCV: Reference Range

A

80-100fL

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10
Q

Earliest indicator of potential anemia

A

RDW

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11
Q

RDW: Reference Range

A

11-15%

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12
Q

WBC count: Reference Range

A

4,500-11,000/uL

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13
Q

Neutrophils

A

50-70%

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14
Q

Lymphocytes

A

20-40%

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15
Q

Monocytes

A

2-10%

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16
Q

Eosinophils

A

1-5%

17
Q

Eosinophilia Reasons

A

Allergy (6-10%)
Parasite (25-30%)

18
Q

Basophilia

A

Hypersensitivity Reaction, Myxedema, Myoproliferative Conditions (CML,PCV)

19
Q

Platelet Count

A

150,000-400,000
/uL

20
Q

Best for determining morphological type of anemia

A

Peripheral Blood Smear

21
Q

Causes of Macrocytosis (>100fL)

A

-B12/Folate Deficiency
-Liver Disease
-Alcoholism
-Myxedema
-Reticulocytosis

22
Q

Abnormality in RBC Color

A

-Hypochromasia: Decreased MCHC, enlarged central pallor
-Hyperchromasia: Increased MCHC, lack of central pallor
-Polychromasia (Multicolored; Usually blue and red)

23
Q

Reticulocyte Count

A

0.5-1.5%

24
Q

ESR: Reference Range

A

Males < 40:
1-15mm/hr
Women < 40:
1-20mm/hr
Calculation
-Males: Age/2
-Females: Age+10/2

25
Q

Variations in RBC shape

A

Poikilocytosis

26
Q

CRP vs. ESR

A

-CRP: No interference from anemia or serum protein changes/more sensitive response
-ESR: Chronic inflammatory conditions

27
Q

MC Type of hemoglobin

A

Hb A (alpha 2; beta 2)-95-98% (Most Prevalent)

28
Q

Carboxyhemoglobin

A

Bright Red
-Affinity to hemoglobin is 210x greater than for O2
-Increased in: Smokers, taxi drivers, garage workers

29
Q

Extravascular hemolysis accounts for ___ of reactions

A

90%

30
Q

C-Reactive Protein

A

-Acute phase reactant
-Virtually absent from serum of a healthy person
-One of the most sensitive acute phase reactants
-Begins 4-6 hours after onset of inflammation
-Half-life: 5-7 hours