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clinical pathology > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the best test to determine presence of anemia?

A

hemoglobin

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2
Q

anemia

A

decrease in hemoglobin

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3
Q

erythrocytosis

A

increase in hemoglobin

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4
Q

reference range of Hb in women

A

14 +/- 2

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5
Q

level of Hb considered to be anemia in women

A

<11 g/dL

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6
Q

reference range of Hb in men

A

16 +/- 2

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7
Q

level of Hb considered to be anemia in men

A

<13 g/dL

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8
Q

reference range for Hct in women

A

37-47%

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9
Q

reference range for Hct in men

A

40-54%

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10
Q

reference range for MCV

A

80-100 FL

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11
Q

what type of anemia is determined by an increase in MCH?

A

macrocytic anemias

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12
Q

what type of anemia is determined by a decrease in MCH?

A

microcytic and normocytic anemias

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13
Q

what is the earliest indicator for anemia?

A

red blood cell distribution width (RDW)

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14
Q

reference range for RDW

A

11-15%

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15
Q

definition of anicocytosis

A

abnormality in RBC size

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16
Q

hypochromatic

A

decreased MCHC

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17
Q

hyperchromatic

A

increased MCHC

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18
Q

polychromatic

A

reticulocytes, bluish coloration

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19
Q

reference range for WBC count

A

4500-11000

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20
Q

leukopenia

A

decrease in WBC count; viral infection

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21
Q

leukocytosis

A

increase in WBC count; bacterial infection, general inflammation

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22
Q

normal range for neutrophils

A

50-70%

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23
Q

neutrophilia

A

elevation of neutrophils

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24
Q

physiologic causes of neutrophilia

A

stress on body, pregnant, cold

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25
Q

pathologic causes of neutrophilia

A

bacterial infection, general inflammation

26
Q

neutropenia

A

decrease in neutrophils

27
Q

causes of neutropenia

A

viral infections, bone marrow disease

28
Q

normal range of lymphocytes

A

20-40%

29
Q

lymphocytosis

A

elevations of lymphocytes

30
Q

causes of lymphocytosis

A

viral infections, stress, vaccinations

31
Q

lymphocytopenia/lymphopenia

A

decrease in lymphocytes

32
Q

causes of lymphopenia

A

bacterial infections

33
Q

normal range for monocytes

A

2-10%

34
Q

monocytosis

A

elevations of monocytes

35
Q

causes of monocytosis

A

autoimmune; good sign–recovery from infection

36
Q

normal range for eosinophils

A

~5%

37
Q

eosinophilia

A

elevations in eosinophils

38
Q

range for eosinophils in allergies

A

6-10%

39
Q

range for eosinophils in parasite infection

A

24-30%

40
Q

normal range of basophils

A

0-1%

41
Q

basophilia

A

elevations in basophils

42
Q

causes of basophilia

A

hypersensitivity reactions, myxedema, myeloproliferative conditions

43
Q

CBC findings in bacterial infections

A

leukocytosis with neutrophilia

44
Q

CBC findings in viral infections

A

leukopenia with lymphocytosis

45
Q

reference range for platelet count

A

150000-400000

46
Q

thrombocythemia

A

increase in platelets

47
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

decrease in platelets

48
Q

reference range for reticulocyte count

A

0.5-1.5%

49
Q

general inflammation tests

A

ESR and CRP

50
Q

poikilocytosis

A

cells are irregularly shaped

51
Q

rouleux

A

stack of RBCs, interruption of negative charge

52
Q

reference range for ESR in men under 40 yoa

A

1-15 mm/hr

53
Q

reference range for ESR in women under 40 yoa

A

1-20 mm/hr

54
Q

formula to calculate ESR in pts over 40 yoa

A

males: age/2
females: age +10/2

55
Q

CRP

A

acute phase reactant, sensitive, rises in 4-6 hrs after onset, half-life of 5-7 hrs

56
Q

spherocytes

A

slightly smaller RBCs, hereditary spherocytosis

57
Q

schistocyte

A

fragment of RBCs; traumatic hemolytic anemia

58
Q

bite cell

A

abnormal hemolysis, G6PD deficiency

59
Q

sickle cell

A

sickle-shaped, sickle cell anemia

60
Q

tear drop cell

A

myeloproliferative diseases (leukemias)

61
Q

codocyte (target cell)

A

thalassemia

62
Q

left shift

A

shift towards immaturity; infection

clinical pathology (6 decks)

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