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Medical Laboratory Technician Exam > Hematology 🩸 > Flashcards

Hematology 🩸 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Accuracy

A

Ability to hit the target value.

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2
Q

Precision

A

The ability to reproduce the same result

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3
Q

Standard deviation is a

A

Precision measurement

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4
Q

Two standard deviations from the mean is what percent of an overall distribution?

A

95.44%

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5
Q

What is reflex testing?

A

Additional testing to verify abnormal results

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6
Q

Critical values

A

Results that are markedly decreased or increased from the reference range

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7
Q

Linearity

A

The range in which valid results can be obtained on an analyzer without concentrating or diluting samples

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8
Q

Reference range/values

A

Normal values determined by patient population

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9
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Production, development, differentiation and maturation of all types of blood cells

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10
Q

What is extramedullary hematopoeisis

A

Site of blood cell production outside of the bone marrow

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11
Q

What are the two main sites for extramedullary hematopoeisis?

A

Liver and spleen

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12
Q

What is hepatosplenomegaly?

A

Enlargement of the liver and spleen

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13
Q

What is intramedullary hematopoeisis?

A

Production of all blood cells in the bone marrow

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14
Q

I’m early fetal development where does hematopoeisis occur?

A

Yolk sac first, then the liver and spleen a little later

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15
Q

During late fetal development and adult life where does hematopoiesis occur?

A

Bone marrow, spleen, thymus and lymph nodes

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16
Q

What are the four functions of the spleen?

A

Filtration, reservoir of platelets and white blood cells, immunological role and hematopoietic role!

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17
Q

What amount of platelets is reserved in the spleen?

A

1/3

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18
Q

What is the purpose of the red pulp in the spleen?

A

Red blood cell filtration

19
Q

What is the purpose of the white pulp in the spleen?

A

Lymphocyte processing

20
Q

What is the purpose of the marginal zone in the spleen?

A

Storage of WBCs and platelets

21
Q

How does the bone marrow respond to anemia?

A

Increased production of RBCs

22
Q

How does the bone marrow respond to infections?

A

Increased leukocytes or WBCs

23
Q

How does the bone marrow respond to bleeding?

A

Increased production of thrombocytes or platelets

24
Q

What is the function of the bone marrow

A

Supreme factory for production of all adult hematopoietic cells and cell maturation

25
Q

What are two reasons for a splenectomy?

A

It can occur due to damage or because spleen is sequestering cells like platelets and resulting in low counts and potential bleeds!

26
Q

What finding will be found on the blood smear after a splenectomy?

A

Abnormal red blood cells and RBC inclusions will be present in peripheral circulation

27
Q

What is the risk of having a splenectomy?

A

Overwhelming post splenectomy infections and risk of s. Pneumoniae causing problems so patients have to be vaccinated for this.

28
Q

What is the normal myeloid: erythroid (M:E) ratio?

A

3-4:1

29
Q

What is the myeloid: erythroid ratio used for?

A

used to predict hematological problems

30
Q

Define erythroid hyperplasia

A

Decreased myeloid to erythroid ratio with an increased erythroid production

31
Q

Anemia stimulates the body to produce what to increase the production of cells

A

erythropoietin

32
Q

what is responsible for stimulating or determining lineage of blood cells?

A

erythropoietin, Interleukins and colony stimulating factors

33
Q

what does multi potential mean?

A

the cells can differentiate into a variety of cells based on stimuli received from the body

34
Q

Nonlymphoid committed cells develop into what cell types?

A

granulocyte, erythroid, monocyte and megakaryocytes

35
Q

Lymphoid precursor cells develop into what cell types?

A

NK cells, T cells and B cells

36
Q

Where is EPO formed and what is it’s function?

A

Formed in the kidney and it’s purpose is to stimulate increased red blood cell production.

37
Q

Common site for bone marrow aspiration in adults and children?

A

Iliac crest and sternum for adults and tibia bone for children

38
Q

What are the common symptoms for a patient experiencing anemia?

A

Fatigue, dyspnea, angina pectoris, syncope, pallor, postural hypotension, palpitation.

39
Q

What is the reticulocyte count reference range for adults?

A

0.5-2.0%

40
Q

Reference range for reticulocyte count in newborns

A

2.0-6.0

41
Q

What is the clinical significance of a low reticulocyte count?

A

Aplastic conditions

42
Q

What is the clinical significance of a high reticulocyte count?

A

Anemic stress

43
Q

What descriptive word is used to describe the appearance of many young red cells on a wrights stained smear?

A

Polychromasia

44
Q

What is the formula for hematocrit

A

MCV = hematocrit / red cell count x 10

Medical Laboratory Technician Exam (7 decks)

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