Hematology 🩸

Question 1

Accuracy

Answer 1

Ability to hit the target value.

Question 2

Precision

Answer 2

The ability to reproduce the same result

Question 3

Standard deviation is a

Answer 3

Precision measurement

Question 4

Two standard deviations from the mean is what percent of an overall distribution?

Answer 4

95.44%

Question 5

What is reflex testing?

Answer 5

Additional testing to verify abnormal results

Question 6

Critical values

Answer 6

Results that are markedly decreased or increased from the reference range

Question 7

Linearity

Answer 7

The range in which valid results can be obtained on an analyzer without concentrating or diluting samples

Question 8

Reference range/values

Answer 8

Normal values determined by patient population

Question 9

Hematopoiesis

Answer 9

Production, development, differentiation and maturation of all types of blood cells

Question 10

What is extramedullary hematopoeisis

Answer 10

Site of blood cell production outside of the bone marrow

Question 11

What are the two main sites for extramedullary hematopoeisis?

Answer 11

Liver and spleen

Question 12

What is hepatosplenomegaly?

Answer 12

Enlargement of the liver and spleen

Question 13

What is intramedullary hematopoeisis?

Answer 13

Production of all blood cells in the bone marrow

Question 14

I’m early fetal development where does hematopoeisis occur?

Answer 14

Yolk sac first, then the liver and spleen a little later

Question 15

During late fetal development and adult life where does hematopoiesis occur?

Answer 15

Bone marrow, spleen, thymus and lymph nodes

Question 16

What are the four functions of the spleen?

Answer 16

Filtration, reservoir of platelets and white blood cells, immunological role and hematopoietic role!

Question 17

What amount of platelets is reserved in the spleen?

Answer 17

1/3

Question 18

What is the purpose of the red pulp in the spleen?

Answer 18

Red blood cell filtration

Question 19

What is the purpose of the white pulp in the spleen?

Answer 19

Lymphocyte processing

Question 20

What is the purpose of the marginal zone in the spleen?

Answer 20

Storage of WBCs and platelets

Question 21

How does the bone marrow respond to anemia?

Answer 21

Increased production of RBCs

Question 22

How does the bone marrow respond to infections?

Answer 22

Increased leukocytes or WBCs

Question 23

How does the bone marrow respond to bleeding?

Answer 23

Increased production of thrombocytes or platelets

Question 24

What is the function of the bone marrow

Answer 24

Supreme factory for production of all adult hematopoietic cells and cell maturation

Question 25

What are two reasons for a splenectomy?

Answer 25

It can occur due to damage or because spleen is sequestering cells like platelets and resulting in low counts and potential bleeds!

Question 26

What finding will be found on the blood smear after a splenectomy?

Answer 26

Abnormal red blood cells and RBC inclusions will be present in peripheral circulation

Question 27

What is the risk of having a splenectomy?

Answer 27

Overwhelming post splenectomy infections and risk of s. Pneumoniae causing problems so patients have to be vaccinated for this.

Question 28

What is the normal myeloid: erythroid (M:E) ratio?

Answer 28

3-4:1

Question 29

What is the myeloid: erythroid ratio used for?

Answer 29

used to predict hematological problems

Question 30

Define erythroid hyperplasia

Answer 30

Decreased myeloid to erythroid ratio with an increased erythroid production

Question 31

Anemia stimulates the body to produce what to increase the production of cells

Answer 31

erythropoietin

Question 32

what is responsible for stimulating or determining lineage of blood cells?

Answer 32

erythropoietin, Interleukins and colony stimulating factors

Question 33

what does multi potential mean?

Answer 33

the cells can differentiate into a variety of cells based on stimuli received from the body

Question 34

Nonlymphoid committed cells develop into what cell types?

Answer 34

granulocyte, erythroid, monocyte and megakaryocytes

Question 35

Lymphoid precursor cells develop into what cell types?

Answer 35

NK cells, T cells and B cells

Question 36

Where is EPO formed and what is it’s function?

Answer 36

Formed in the kidney and it’s purpose is to stimulate increased red blood cell production.

Question 37

Common site for bone marrow aspiration in adults and children?

Answer 37

Iliac crest and sternum for adults and tibia bone for children

Question 38

What are the common symptoms for a patient experiencing anemia?

Answer 38

Fatigue, dyspnea, angina pectoris, syncope, pallor, postural hypotension, palpitation.

Question 39

What is the reticulocyte count reference range for adults?

Answer 39

0.5-2.0%

Question 40

Reference range for reticulocyte count in newborns

Answer 40

2.0-6.0

Question 41

What is the clinical significance of a low reticulocyte count?

Answer 41

Aplastic conditions

Question 42

What is the clinical significance of a high reticulocyte count?

Answer 42

Anemic stress

Question 43

What descriptive word is used to describe the appearance of many young red cells on a wrights stained smear?

Answer 43

Polychromasia

Question 44

What is the formula for hematocrit

Answer 44

MCV = hematocrit / red cell count x 10