Chemistry TRACY ASSIGNMENTS

Question 1

v max

Answer 1

when the substrate concentration is high enough that all enzyme molecules are bound to the substrate and all active sites are engaged

Question 2

Michaelis-menten constant

Answer 2

the substrate concentration in moles per liter when the initial velocity is 1/2 V max

Question 3

first order kinetics

Answer 3

the velocity is directly proportional to the substrate concentration. The more substrate the higher the velocity

Question 4

zero order kinetics

Answer 4

the reaction rate is independent of substrate concentration

Question 5

oxidoreductases

Answer 5

catalyze the oxidation reduction reactions between two substrates

Question 6

transferases

Answer 6

catalyze the transfer of a group other than hydrogen between two substrates

Question 7

hydrolases

Answer 7

catalyze the hydrolytic (addition of water) cleavage of compounds

Question 8

lyases

Answer 8

catalyze the removal of groups from substrates without hydrolysis (addition of water), leaving double bonds in the product

Question 9

isomerases

Answer 9

catalyze the interconversion of isomers

Question 10

ligases

Answer 10

catalyze the joining of two molecules coupled with the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or similar compounds

Question 11

CK-MM

Answer 11

skeletal and cardiac muscle. Muscle trauma, extreme exercise, viral myositis and intramuscular injections

Question 12

CK-MB

Answer 12

heart muscle predominantly and also skeletal muscle but not as much. Diagnosis of myocardial infarctions

Question 13

CK-BB

Answer 13

found in brain and central nervous system. Can aid in diagnosis of cerebral ischemia, stroke, head injuries, brain tumor, cerebral thrombosis and hypothyroidism

Question 14

What enzyme is the most sensitive indicator of alcoholic liver disease

Answer 14

AST

Question 15

state the most common cause of severely elevated AST levels associated with hepatocellular damage

Answer 15

viral and alcoholic hepatitis then nonalcoholic streatohepatitis.

Question 16

state the enzyme that is the most sensitive indicator of myocardial infarction

Answer 16

Creatine kinase. CK-MB

Question 17

state the enzyme that is the most sensitive indicator of hepatocellular damage

Answer 17

ALT

Question 18

state the enzyme that is the most sensitive indicator of hepatobiliary damage such as biliary obstruction

Answer 18

ALP

Question 19

State the reference range for the relative index

Answer 19

less than 3 percent.

Question 20

what is actually measured in the indicator reaction and at what wavelength, with the Oliver rosalki method for CK determinations

Answer 20

NADPH and at 340 nanometers

Question 21

state four causes of an increased alkaline phosphatase level

Answer 21

alcoholic cirrhosis, pregnancy, infants and children (with growth spurts), and hepatobiliary disease

Question 22

The highest levels of LD (lactate dehydrogenase) are found in which disease conditions

Answer 22

pernicious anemia or megaloblastic anemia

Question 23

An increase in both LD-5 and LD-4 is associated with what disorder?

Answer 23

indicates damage with liver and skeletal muscle so liver disease

Question 24

What effect will hemolysis from a traumatic draw have on LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) levels?

Answer 24

LDH is found in the cytoplasm of most cells so when a sample is hemolyzed, it will release and cause falsely increased LDH level.

Question 25

Which enzymes are useful in the diagnosis of pancreatitis?

Answer 25

lipase and amylase

Question 26

state the physiological purpose of lipase

Answer 26

its used to breakdown lipids and triglycerides in the body during digestion. Produces alcohol and fatty acids.

Question 27

What is the purpose of measuring cholinesterase?

Answer 27

Used to detect pesticide poisoning, liver function and detect abnormal genetic variants.