hematology Flashcards
Epoetin alfa
recombinant human erythropoietin, biological response modifier
use: anemia
how: stimulates the differentiation and proliferation of erythroid precursors, release of reticulocytes into the circulation and synthesis of cellular Hb
ci: sensitivity to albumin, uncontrolled hypertension
se: pyrexia, hypertension, vomitin, cough, rash, headache, arthralgia, nausea
Aspirin
NSAID, analgesic, antipyretic, antiplatelet
use: low dose for angina to decrease MI and TIA, fever, pain, inflammation (rheumatoid fever, arthritis in high doses)
ci: hypersentitivty, active PUD, under 12, lactation, hemophilia or hemorrhagic disorders (G6P deficiency, gout, severe renal or hepatic impairment, lactation, pregnancy
interactions: alcohol and corticosteroids increase risk for ulcer, increases phenytoin levels
se: tinnitus, hearing loss, nausea, vomiting, gi bleed, dyspepsia, thrombocytopenia, hepatitis, rash, bruising, urticaria, angioedema, Reye’s syndrome
Clopidogrel
antiplatelet
inhibitor of adenosine diphosphate induced lately aggregation
use: prophylaxis of MI and stroke, especially if intolerant to aspirin, acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina), placement of stent
ci: active pathological bleeds, coagulation disorders
interactions: with NSAIDS may increase gi bleed risk, high dose may increase warfarin levels, may inhibit P450 2C9 and interfere with metabolism of phenytoin, tamoxifen, and some nsaids. Action decreased by PPI and SSRI, antifungals and CCBs
se: bleeding, irritated GI, thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (rare), neutropenia
Pentoxifylline
hematologic agent, hemorheological
use: peripheral vascular disease
how: reduces blood viscosity, improves microcirculation in peripheral tissue oxygenation
ci: hypersensitivity to xanthine related products: caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, recent cerebral and or retinal hemorrhage, porphyria
Warfarin
anticoagulant, vitamin K antagonist
coumarin derivative
use: prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism, MI, a fib, DVT, PE
how: inhibits synthesis of vitamin K dependent coagulation factors 2, 7, 9 and 10 as well as anticoagulant protein C and its cofactor protein S. No effects on established thrombus but further extension of the clot can be prevented
ci; hemorrhagic tendencies, recent surgery, PUD, sever hypertension, bacterial endocarditis, cerebrovascular disorders, aneurysm, pericardial effusion, eclampia, preeclampsia, threatened abortion, alcoholism, severe renal and hepatic impairemtn
PREGNANCY X
interactions; avoid major changes in vitamin K dietary intake
increased effects with androgens, beta blockers, corticosteroids, omeprazole, phenytoin
se: bleeding, anemia, rash, epistaxis, rare: hemorrhage of GI tract and tissue necrosis
Heparin
anticoagulant
use: acute DVT, PE, or tother events, acute MI
how: binds to antithrombin 3 in order to accelerate the action of antithrombin 3 which prevents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, decreases ability to blood clot
ci; active bleeding disorders like hemophilia, thrombocytopenia, inaccessible ulcerative lesions of the GI tract, open ulcerative wounds, use with caution with mild hepatic or renal disease
interactions: other drugs that do the similar thing
se: hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, myalgia, skin irritation
Deferoxamine
heavy metal chelator
iron chelating agent
use: acute iron overload, chronic iron overload
renally excreted
ci: severe renal disease of anuria
interactions: risk and severity of adverse events increase with coadminitstration of Prochlorperazine and vitamin C
se: bluish fingernails, lips, skin, blurred vision, seizures, difficulty with respiration, fast heart beat, hearing problems, red flushed skin
