Hematology Flashcards
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) pentad:
- Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Neurological abnormalities
- Fever
- Renal disease
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) triad
- Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Acute renal failure
Anemia
Reduction of RBC mass or blood hemoglobin concentration - 2 SD below the mean for normal population
Anemia in newborn – values
Hb <45
Aplastic anemia
RBC, wbc, thrombocytes all affected
Fanconi anemia
Congenital aplastic anemia
-may not present in newborn / neonatal period
Characterized by physical deformities, severe bone marrow failure, short stature, skeletal anomalies, slightly abnormal facies (+/-), bleeding and chromosomal abnormalities.
Follow these pt’s CBCs
Blackfan-Diamond Syndrome
Pure RBC aplasia; congenital
Genetic defect
Does not present in first weeks of life but does manifest in first few months of life
Treatment: blood transfusions, steroids, and bone marrow transplantation
Transient erythroblastopenia of childhood
Relatively common; with viral syndromes –> BM shuts down –> Hb dips down as low as 4 or 5, and then recovers.. Usually resolves spontaneously, but causes much concern
Myelofibrosis
Unusual in children
History of UTI and anemia?
Think of HUS
Marasmus
One of three
Carotenemia
Think of iron deficiency
Iron-deficient anemia
Microcytic anemia; hyperchromatic.
Clinically: Check serum ferritin
Targetoid/ target RBCs
D
Hereditary spherocytosis
Membrane defects
Clinical: Osmotic fragility
