Hematologic Disorders Flashcards
How is Anemia Diagnosed
- CBC
- reticulocyte count
- peripheral blood smear
- Hgb: severity
Mild Anemia
no symptoms
Moderate anemia
palpitations, bounding pulse, roaring ears, fatigue
Severe Anemia
skin color changes, eye changes, neuro changes
Aging anemia
Hgb can decline, anemia not a normal finding, symptoms are not specific finding, symptoms are not specific
Anemia Geriatric
- more common in the 70s
- may be mistaken for normal aging
most susceptible for iron-deficiency anemia
- Very young
- Poor diet
- Women in reproductive years
ID Anemia Care
- nutrition
- iron supplements
- packed RBCs
Thalassemia
- A group of diseases involving inadequate production of normal Hgb
- Results in decreased erythrocyte production
- pale or jaundice, splenomegaly, bone marrow hyperplasia
Thalassemia Care
- blood transfusion
- splenectomy
Megaloblastic anemias
- cobalamin (B12) & folic acid deficiency
- sore, beefy, red, tongue
- weakness of hands & ft
- antaxia
- confusion
MB Anemia Care
- IV or intranasal cobalamin
- normal folate (3-16) replaced
what differentiates folic acid deficiency from B12?
folic acid lack neuro problems
Aplastic Anemia
pancytopenia: decrease in all blood cell types
- immune therapies & bone marrow transplantation
Acute blood loss
sudden hemorrhage
Chronic blood loss sources
- bleeding ulcer
- hemorrhoids
- menstrual & postmenopausal blood loss
Acquired Hemolytic Anemia
Results from hemolysis of RBCs from extrinsic factors
•Physical destruction
•Antibody reactions
•Infectious agents and toxins
Hemochromatosis
- iron overload disorder
- genetic link
Thrombocytopenia
- avoid aspirin
- fever, lethargy, bleeding, abdomen distention, splenomegaly
- platelet transfusions & blood component therapy
AML Leukemia
uncontrolled proliferation of myeloblasts
ALL leukemia
immature small lymphocytes proliferate in bone marrow
CML leukemia
excessive mature neoplastic granulocytes move into liver & spleen
CLL leukemia
accumulation of inactive lymphocytes infiltrate the bone marrow, spleen, & liver
Leukemia signs
- fever, lymphadenopathy, lethargy
- pallor, jaundice, petechiae, ecchymoses
Leukemia Diagnostics
- low Hct &Hgb
- anemia
- thrombocytopenia
- Philadelphia chromosome
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma signs
- enlargement of lymph nodes
- mediastinal mass
- weight loss, fatigue, weakness, fever
- late: spleno/hepatomegaly
- A&B and roman numeral class
Non-Hodgkin’s
- manage probs related to disease
- decrease platelets
- at risk for spontaneous bleeding
