hematologic disorders Flashcards
how does the hematologic system differ from the CV system?
it is composed of blood, blood vessels and organs producing blood (ex. bone marrow)
“blood” contains what 4 components?
erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets and plasma
Hemotologic manifestations are more commonly secondary symptoms. They are often relate to what 4 factors?
NSAIDs
Neuro complications (pernicious anemia)
chemo or radiaiton
In patients with hematologic disorders, what other symptoms might we expect to see in additon to changes in exertional effort, neurologic signs, and integ?
bloody stool, emesis and joint pain/swelling
5 erythrocyte disorders mentioned in this class include anemia, polycythemia, poikilocytosis (abnormal shape), and __(2)
anisocytosis (abnormal size variation)
hypochromia (Hbg deficiency)
what is anemia? what are it’s four subtypes?
insufficient amount/ quality of erythrocytes from bleeding, destruction or low production.
types:
* iron deficiency
* chronic/inflam disease
* neuro conditions
* infection
what are some s/s that might increase the likelihood of anemia in your differential dx? (4)
skin changes, , slower processing/ depressed affect, decreased DBP, easily aggravated pain/ dyspnea with exertion
T/F: anemia is a disease resulting in reduction of O2 carrying capacity.
false. this a symptom but not a disease
what is polycythemia/erythrocytosis? What are 3 conditions might result in this secondary complication due to dec O2 supply to tissues?
an excessive amount of RBCs
smoking, high altitudes, and chronic heart/lung conditions
what is the only known cause of primary erythroctytosis?
neoplastic dx of bone marrow
Aside from HTN, what are some s/s that might increase the likelihood of polycythemia in your differential dx? (4)
hypoxemic s/s (ex cyanosis, AMS, dizziness), gout, malaise and SOB, weight loss
In sicle cell anemia, a genetic abnormality results in the altered shape of RBCs that block blood supply. This produces recurrent and painful episodes of vasoocclusionand inflammation. Aside from MSK pain, including hand-foot syndrome, and and vascular complications, s/s can also present as (4)
pulmonary (ex. SOB, tachypnea)
neurologic manifestations (ex. paresthisia, CN palsy, nysagmus, drowsiness)
renal complicatons
splenic sequestration (pre-adolescent enlargement and tenderness)
of the 3 types of leukocytes: lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes, which contains the lysing agents? what do the others do?
- granulocytes
- monocytes: largest cells that travel to form macrophages and lymphocyes produce antibodies and react w/ antigens
T/F leukocytosis (indicated by a count > 10,000/mm) is a normal immune respone to many infectious and inflammatory diseases.
true
s/s: fever and inflammation
Conditions that may result in leukopenia (<5000/ml) include autoimmune diease, overwhelming infection, and (3)
dietary deficiency
some medications
many forms of bone marrow failure