Hematologic And Immunologic Dysfunction Flashcards
What information is important to collect when assessing hema?
CBC History and physical Comments on lack of energy Food diary Frequent infections Bleeding
What do red blood cells do?
Carry O2 via hemoglobin
Release CO2 in lungs and pick up O2
What do white blood cells do?
Responsible for immune responses
What do platelets do?
Clotting component
What is erythropoiesis?
Process of forming new RBCs
Where are RBCs formed?
Bone marrow
What is polycythemia?
Above average increase in RBCs
What is anemia?
A reduction in the number of RBCs
What causes anemia?
Depletions of RBC, hemoglobin, or both
How is anemia diagnosed?
Hemoglobin less than 11-10 g/dL
How does anemia affect the circulatory system?
Hemodilation Decreased peripheral resistance Increased cardiac circulation and turbulence Cyanosis Growth retardation
Which two age groups are at high risk for iron deficiency anemia?
Infants and adolescents
What is sickle cell anemia?
Partial or total replacement of normal hgb with abnormal hgb S
What is the cause of sickle cell anemia?
Autosomal recessive disorder
What is the prognosis for sickle cell anemia?
No cure
Supportive care/prevention of suckling episodes
How long is fetal hemoglobin present for?
4-6 months
What can precipitate a sickle cell crisis?
Anything increasing the body's need for oxygen Trauma Infection/fever Physical or emotional stress Hypoxia
How is sickle cell crisis treated?
Rest Hydration Electrolyte replacement Analgesia Blood replacement Antibiotics
What is thalassemia?
Genetic disorder of deficiencies of the rate of production of globin chains in the hgb
How does thalassemia present?
Not until later half of infancy
Severe anemia and growth failure
What is the treatment for thalassemia?
Blood transfusion for normal hgb levels
Desferal
What is pancytopenia?
Simultaneous depression of all formed elements of the blood
What is hypoplastic anemia?
Profound depression of RBCs but normal WBCs and platelets
How is aplastic anemia treated?
Similar to leukemia
Immunosuppressive therapy and bone marrow transplantation
What is hemophilia?
A group of hereditary bleeding disorders that result from deficiencies of specific clotting factors
What is hemophilia A?
Classic hemophilia
Deficiency of factor 8
What is hemophilia B?
Christmas disease
Deficiency in factor 9
What is Von Willebrand disease?
Deficiency of von Willebrand factor and factor 8
What is the therapeutic management for hemophilia?
Replace missing clotting factors
Desmopressin (DDAVP) IV or nasal
How do you get von Willebrand disease?
Autosomal dominant
On chromosome 12
What is von Willebrand factor used for?
Platelet adhesion
What are symptoms of von Willebrand disease?
Easy bruising
Epistaxis
Gingival bleeding
Increased bleeding with lacerations
How is von Willebrand disease treated?
Infusion of von Willebrand protein concentrate
DDAVP
What is immune thrombocytopenia?
An acquired hemorrhagic disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia and purpura
How do you manage immune thrombocytopenia?
IV immune globulin
Anti D antibody
What is disseminated intravascular coagulation?
Disorder of coagulation that occurs as complication of numerous pathological processes
What could epistaxis be a sign of?
Vascular abnormalities
Leukemia
Thrombocytopenia
Clotting factor deficiency diseases
How do you manage epistaxis?
Sit up and lean forward
Apply pressure to the soft lower part of the nose
What is leukemia?
A broad group of malignant diseases of bone marrow and lymphatic system
