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Peds Exam 2 > Hematologic And Immunologic Dysfunction > Flashcards

Hematologic And Immunologic Dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q

What information is important to collect when assessing hema?

A 
CBC
History and physical 
Comments on lack of energy
Food diary
Frequent infections 
Bleeding
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2
Q

What do red blood cells do?

A

Carry O2 via hemoglobin

Release CO2 in lungs and pick up O2

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3
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

Responsible for immune responses

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4
Q

What do platelets do?

A

Clotting component

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5
Q

What is erythropoiesis?

A

Process of forming new RBCs

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6
Q

Where are RBCs formed?

A

Bone marrow

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7
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

Above average increase in RBCs

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8
Q

What is anemia?

A

A reduction in the number of RBCs

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9
Q

What causes anemia?

A

Depletions of RBC, hemoglobin, or both

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10
Q

How is anemia diagnosed?

A

Hemoglobin less than 11-10 g/dL

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11
Q

How does anemia affect the circulatory system?

A 
Hemodilation 
Decreased peripheral resistance
Increased cardiac circulation and turbulence 
Cyanosis
Growth retardation
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12
Q

Which two age groups are at high risk for iron deficiency anemia?

A

Infants and adolescents

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13
Q

What is sickle cell anemia?

A

Partial or total replacement of normal hgb with abnormal hgb S

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14
Q

What is the cause of sickle cell anemia?

A

Autosomal recessive disorder

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15
Q

What is the prognosis for sickle cell anemia?

A

No cure

Supportive care/prevention of suckling episodes

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16
Q

How long is fetal hemoglobin present for?

A

4-6 months

17
Q

What can precipitate a sickle cell crisis?

A 
Anything increasing the body's need for oxygen 
Trauma 
Infection/fever
Physical or emotional stress
Hypoxia
18
Q

How is sickle cell crisis treated?

A 
Rest
Hydration 
Electrolyte replacement 
Analgesia
Blood replacement 
Antibiotics
19
Q

What is thalassemia?

A

Genetic disorder of deficiencies of the rate of production of globin chains in the hgb

20
Q

How does thalassemia present?

A

Not until later half of infancy

Severe anemia and growth failure

21
Q

What is the treatment for thalassemia?

A

Blood transfusion for normal hgb levels

Desferal

22
Q

What is pancytopenia?

A

Simultaneous depression of all formed elements of the blood

23
Q

What is hypoplastic anemia?

A

Profound depression of RBCs but normal WBCs and platelets

24
Q

How is aplastic anemia treated?

A

Similar to leukemia

Immunosuppressive therapy and bone marrow transplantation

25
Q

What is hemophilia?

A

A group of hereditary bleeding disorders that result from deficiencies of specific clotting factors

26
Q

What is hemophilia A?

A

Classic hemophilia

Deficiency of factor 8

27
Q

What is hemophilia B?

A

Christmas disease

Deficiency in factor 9

28
Q

What is Von Willebrand disease?

A

Deficiency of von Willebrand factor and factor 8

29
Q

What is the therapeutic management for hemophilia?

A

Replace missing clotting factors

Desmopressin (DDAVP) IV or nasal

30
Q

How do you get von Willebrand disease?

A

Autosomal dominant

On chromosome 12

31
Q

What is von Willebrand factor used for?

A

Platelet adhesion

32
Q

What are symptoms of von Willebrand disease?

A

Easy bruising
Epistaxis
Gingival bleeding
Increased bleeding with lacerations

33
Q

How is von Willebrand disease treated?

A

Infusion of von Willebrand protein concentrate

DDAVP

34
Q

What is immune thrombocytopenia?

A

An acquired hemorrhagic disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia and purpura

35
Q

How do you manage immune thrombocytopenia?

A

IV immune globulin

Anti D antibody

36
Q

What is disseminated intravascular coagulation?

A

Disorder of coagulation that occurs as complication of numerous pathological processes

37
Q

What could epistaxis be a sign of?

A

Vascular abnormalities
Leukemia
Thrombocytopenia
Clotting factor deficiency diseases

38
Q

How do you manage epistaxis?

A

Sit up and lean forward

Apply pressure to the soft lower part of the nose

39
Q

What is leukemia?

A

A broad group of malignant diseases of bone marrow and lymphatic system

Peds Exam 2 (2 decks)

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