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3rd Year, 2nd Sem-PRELIMS > Hema 2 - Laboratory > Flashcards

Hema 2 - Laboratory Flashcards

1
Q

It consists of a double pointed needle, a plastic holder or adapter, and a series of vacuum tubes with rubber stoppers of various colors.

A

Vacutainer System

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2
Q

The lumen of the needle

A

Bore

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3
Q

There are several sizes of needles available. The size depends on the length and the gauge of the needle. They vary from lengths of 1 inch to 1.5 inches. The 1-inch needle is used for?

A

Routine venipuncture

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4
Q

There are several sizes of needles available. The size depends on the length and the gauge of the needle. They vary from lengths of 1 inch to 1.5 inches. The 1.5-inch needle is used for?

A

Deep seated veins

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5
Q

Most commonly used needle gauges

A

Gauge 20, Gauge 21, and Gauge 22

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6
Q

It is the slanted opening of the needle

A

Bevel

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7
Q

It is a plastic sleeve into which a phlebotomist screws the double pointed needle.

A

Vacutainer holder

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8
Q

The antibodies level starts to rise in ______ after streptococcal infection, peaks in ______, and the goes back to insignificant level over ______

A

1 to 3 weeks, 3 to 5 weeks, 6 to 12 months

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9
Q

Effective date of OSHA’s revised Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens Standard?

A

April 18, 2001

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10
Q

It allows single-handed activation after the venipuncture is performed by pushing the safety shield forward with the thumb until it is over the needle and an audible click is heard. The BD Eclipse needle is used with a single-use needle holder.

A

The Vacutainer® Eclipse™ Blood Collection System (BD Medical, Franklin Lakes, and NJ)

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11
Q

It allows the Needle-Pro® sheath to be snapped over the needle by pushing it against a flat, firm surface after the venipuncture is completed.

A

The Jelco multisample blood collection needle used with the Venipuncture Needle-Pro® Device (Smiths Medical ASD, Norwell, MA)

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12
Q

It has a sheath that locks into place over the needle after use. The QUICKSHIELD Complete PLUS is a system that incorporates a holder with an attached VACUETTE® Visio PLUS multisample needle.

A

The Greiner Bio-One (Monroe, NC) VACUETTE® QUICKSHIELD

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13
Q

These are either plastic of glass tubes sealed with a partial vacuum inside by rubber stoppers.

A

Vacutainer tubes

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14
Q

The tubes are available in various sizes/volumes. For adult use, the tubes can either contain?

A

5ml, 7ml, 10ml or 15ml

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15
Q

The tubes are available in various sizes/volumes. For pediatric use, the tubes can either contain?

A

2ml, 3ml, and 4ml

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16
Q

Meaning of CLSI

A

The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute

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17
Q

Order of draw

A
  • Blood culture tube (yellow stopper)
  • Coagulation tube (light blue stopper)
  • Serum tube with or without clot activator or gel (red, gold, red-gray marbled, orange, or yellow-gray stopper)
  • Heparin tube (green or light green stopper)
  • EDTA tube (lavender or pink stopper)
  • Sodium fluoride tube with or without EDTA or oxalate (gray stopper).
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18
Q

Label the tubes with correct information. The minimal amount of information that must be on each tubes are?

A
  • Patient’s full name
  • Patient’s unique identification number
  • Date of collection
  • Time of collection (Military time)
  • Collector’s initials or code number
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19
Q

It is the most common complication encountered in obtaining a blood specimen.

A

Ecchymosis (Bruise)

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20
Q

It is caused by leakage of a small amount of blood in the tissue around the puncture site.

A

Ecchymosis (Bruise)

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21
Q

It results when leakage of a large amount of blood around the puncture site causes the area to rapidly swell.

A

Hematoma

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22
Q

It commonly occurs when the needle goes through the vein or when the bevel of the needle is only partially in the vein and when the phlebotomist fails to remove the tourniquet before removing the needle or does not apply enough pressure to the site after venipuncture

A

Hematoma

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23
Q

It is also a common complication encountered in venipuncture

A

Fainting (Syncope)

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24
Q

TRUE or FALSE?

The CLSI does not recommend the use of ammonia inhalants to revive the patients because they may trigger an adverse response that could lead to patient injury

A

True

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25
Q

It is an increased concentration of cells, larger molecules, and analytes in the blood as a result of a shift in water balance

A

Hemoconcentration

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26
Q

It can be caused by leaving the tourniquet on the patient’s arm for too long.

A

Hemoconcentration

27
Q

It can occur if the phlebotomist used too small a needle during a difficult draw

A

Hemolysis

28
Q

It can occur physiologically as a result of hemolytic anemias

A

Hemolysis

29
Q

________ are small red spots indicating that small amounts of blood have escaped into the skin.

A

Petechiae

30
Q

Some patients may be allergic to skin antiseptic substances and adhesive bandages and tape. The phlebotomist should use hypoallergenic tape or apply pressure manually until the bleeding has stopped completely. The phlebotomist should also determine if the patient has a latex sensitivity before the phlebotomy procedure.

A

Allergies

31
Q

The phlebotomist must select the appropriate veins for venipuncture and should not blindly probe the arm with the needle or try to laterally relocate the needle.

A

Nerve damage

32
Q

Patients occasionally experience this because of a pre-existing condition or as a response to the needle stick

A

Seizures

33
Q

If the patient begins _______, the phlebotomist should provide the patient an appropriate container and tissues, notify the nurse or designated first-aid providers at the facility, and ensure the patient’s head is positioned…

A

Vomiting

34
Q

Swelling caused by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intercellular spaces of the tissues is termed edema.

A

Edema

35
Q

It should be avoided because they do not allow the blood to flow freely and may make it difficult to obtain an acceptable specimen.

A

Burned, Damaged, Scarred, and Occluded Veins

36
Q

In patients with this special situation, veins may be neither readily visible nor easy to palpate. Sometimes the use of a blood pressure cuff can aid in locating a vein.

A

Obesity

37
Q

Drawing blood from an arm with an intravenous infusion should be avoided if possible; the phlebotomist should draw the blood from the opposite arm without the IV

A

Intravenous Therapy

38
Q

The CLSI requires physician consultation before blood is drawn from the same side as a prior mastectomy, even in the case of bilateral mastectomies.

A

Mastectomy Patients

39
Q

It is the portion of an anticoagulated blood specimen after density centrifugation

A

Buffy coat

40
Q

What do buffy coat contains?

A

Leukocytes and Thrombocytes.

41
Q

Distinctive color of buffy coat

A

Buff tan

42
Q

It is a white top layer in the buffy coat

A

Platelets

43
Q

Diagnostic uses of the buffy coat

A
  • Finding reactive, immature or abnormal cells that are present in small numbers, especially with pancytopenic samples.
  • Finding megaloblastic nucleated red cells or an increased number of hypersegmented neutrophils in megaloblastic anemias.
  • Finding abnormal plasma cells
  • Detecting tumor cells circulating in the blood
  • It may be easier to locate bacteria or parasites
44
Q

Microhematocrit technique procedure

A
  1. With a finger prick, obtain blood
  2. Fill a blue-tipped capillary tube to at least ¾ full with blood. Fill one blue tipped capilletes and other heparinized capillete.
  3. Seal one end of both tubes and place it in microhematocrit centrifuge. Centrifuge for 2- 3 minutes. (less than normal full packing time)
  4. Score each tube just below the buffy coat layer with a glass marking pencil or file.
45
Q

In the Rotary Method, the tube is then rotated at ___rpm for ___minutes at 37C. Buffy coat smears are then made.

A

50 rpm, 30 minutes

46
Q

It is uncommon in most African tropical countries. It is found in Southeast Asian in people of African origin and other countries.

A

SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

47
Q

Principle of LE (Lupus Erythematosus) Cells test

A
  • Blood is subjected to trauma by rotating anticoagulated blood with glass beads, paper clips or by macerating blood samples through a sieve.
  • Either actions causes extrusion of nuclei from leukocytes.
  • If the LE factor is present, it causes nuclear lysis and this material invites phagocytosis by viable neutrophils and producing the LE cell.
48
Q

It is a neutrophil that has an ingested nuclear material that has been denatured by antibody to nucleoprotein.

A

LE (Lupus Erythematosus) cell

49
Q

It is an autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies to nuclear proteins are produced, including anti-DNA antibodies and autoimmune complexes causes tissue damage.

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

50
Q

The lyzed nuclear inclusion in LE Cell fills the neutrophil and stains what color?

A

Uneven pale mauve color

51
Q

TRUE or FALSE?

Rosettes indicate a positive test for LE

A

FALSE. Rosettes do not indicate a positive test for LE

52
Q

TRUE or FALSE?

The presence of only a single LE cell does not constitutes a positive result.

A

TRUE

53
Q

LE cells may be confused with what cells?

A

Tart cells

54
Q

__________ spends a lengthy life within the vasculature, whereas the thrombocyte has a shortened lifespan and functions both inside and outside the blood vessel.

A

Erythrocyte

55
Q

It is a key component in the initiation and conclusion of hemostasis.

A

Thrombocyte

56
Q

The _____________ produces protein regulators stimulate the vasculature to constrict when injured, activate other thrombocytes and coagulation factors and finally contract or rearrange the thrombus that is formed for adequate arrest of blood flow.

A

Platelet

57
Q

______________ neutralizes heparin

A

Platelet Factor 4 (PF4)

58
Q

______________ is a platelet phospholipid (PPL) that is necessary for adequate platelet function and coagulation. It is also used in the production of Thromboxane A2

A

Platelet Factor 3 (PF3)

59
Q

______________ is a potent platelet aggregating agent and vasoconstrictor.

A

Thromboxane A2 (TxA2)

60
Q

Normal hematocit level for men

A

40 - 54 %

61
Q

Normal hematocit level for women

A

35 - 49%

62
Q

_________________ results from increased levels of ADP, resulting from primary aggregation and granule release.

A

Secondary aggregation

63
Q

What stain is used in the Indirect Method of platelet count?

A

Wright’s stain

64
Q

Following thrombocyte adhesion, _______________ of thrombocyte occurs. This initial plug is formed by thrombocytes attaching reversibly to each other.

A

Primary Aggregation

3rd Year, 2nd Sem-PRELIMS (2 decks)

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